Sediment
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The term sediment refers to all the blocks that share names with real-world sediments. The fictitious materials soul sand and soul soil are included because they're named as sand and soil respectively—their actual nature is up to the player's imagination.
Clay – fine sediments; found beneath bodies of water and common in aquifers
Coarse Dirt – dirt too rocky for plants to grow
Dirt – mixed-sized sediments that most plants can grow on; makes up the top layer of most land, above stone
Gravel – loose rock chips; found beneath bodies of water, on some shores & mountaintops, and in solitary underground pockets
Mud – wet dirt; found in mangrove swamps
Red Sand – loose mid-sized sediments; only found in mesas
Rooted Dirt – dirt overtaken by azalea roots
Sand – loose mid-sized sediments; found on shores and in deserts
Soul Sand – Nether material that can support netherwart, but slows creatures that step in it; burns with a cyan flame
Soul Soil – Nether material that's visually similar to soul sand; burns with a cyan flame
Topsoils
Dirt Path – grass, podzol, or coarse dirt that a path has been worn into
Grass Block – dirt with grass growing in it; can support most plants
Farmland – hand-tilled dirt ready for planting crops in
Mycelium – clumped dirt and mushroom hyphae; only found on mushroom islands
Podzol – the soil of old growth taigas and bamboo jungles; can support mushrooms and some plants