Wa (kana)

wa
Hiragana
japanese hiragana wa		 Katakana
japanese katakana wa
Transliterationwa
Hiragana origin和
Katakana origin和
Man'yōgana和 丸 輪
Spelling kanaわらびのワ Warabi no "wa"
UnicodeU+308F, U+30EF
Braille⠄

Wa (hiragana: わ, katakana: ワ) is one of the Japanese kana, which each represent one mora. It represents [wa] and has origins in the character 和. There is also a small ゎ/ヮ, that is used to write the morae /kwa/ and /gwa/ (くゎ, ぐゎ), which are almost obsolete in contemporary standard Japanese but still exist in the Ryukyuan languages. A few loanwords such as shiikwaasa (シークヮーサー; from Okinawan language) and Musica Antiqua Köln (ムジカ・アンティクヮ・ケルン, Mujika Antiikuwa Kerun; a German early music group) contain this letter in Japanese. Katakana ワ is also sometimes written with dakuten, ヷ, to represent a /va/ sound in foreign words; however, most IMEs lack a convenient way to write this. It is far more common to represent the /va/ sound with the digraph ヴァ.

Form Rōmaji Hiragana Katakana
Normal w-
(わ行 wa-gyō) 		wa わ ワ
waa
wā 		わあ
わー 		ワア
ワー

The kana は (ha) is read as "wa" when it represents a particle.

The katakana va (ヷ), which is a wa with a dakuten ("voiced mark"), along with vu (ヴ), was first used by the educator Fukuzawa Yukichi for transcribing English in 1860[1][2] in his English-Japanese dictionary, which featured such entries as Heaven(ヒーヴヌ) (Hīvunu), Venus(ヴェヌス) (Venusu), River(リーヷル) (Rīvaru), etc.[3] It is intended to represent a voiced labiodental fricative [v] in foreign languages, but the actual pronunciation by Japanese speakers may be closer to a voiced bilabial fricative [β] (see Japanese phonology § Voiced bilabial fricative).

Stroke order

Stroke order in writing わ
Stroke order in writing わ
Stroke order in writing ワ
Stroke order in writing ワ
Stroke order in writing わ
Stroke order in writing ワ

Other communicative representations

  • Full Braille representation
わ / ワ in Japanese Braille
わ / ワ
wa		 ヷ
va		 わあ / ワー
wā		 ヷー
vā
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25) ⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
Character information
Preview わ ワ ﾜ 🋀
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER WA KATAKANA LETTER WA HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER WA HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WA
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 12431 U+308F 12527 U+30EF 65436 U+FF9C 127680 U+1F2C0
UTF-8 227 130 143 E3 82 8F 227 131 175 E3 83 AF 239 190 156 EF BE 9C 240 159 139 128 F0 9F 8B 80
UTF-16 12431 308F 12527 30EF 65436 FF9C 55356 57024 D83C DEC0
Numeric character reference わ わ ワ ワ ﾜ ﾜ 🋀 🋀
Shift JIS[4] 130 237 82 ED 131 143 83 8F 220 DC
EUC-JP[5] 164 239 A4 EF 165 239 A5 EF 142 220 8E DC
GB 18030[6] 164 239 A4 EF 165 239 A5 EF 132 49 155 54 84 31 9B 36
EUC-KR[7] / UHC[8] 170 239 AA EF 171 239 AB EF
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[9] 198 243 C6 F3 199 169 C7 A9
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[10] 199 118 C7 76 199 235 C7 EB
Character information
Preview ゎ ヮ ヷ ㋻
Unicode name HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WA KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WA KATAKANA LETTER VA CIRCLED KATAKANA WA
Encodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex
Unicode 12430 U+308E 12526 U+30EE 12535 U+30F7 13051 U+32FB
UTF-8 227 130 142 E3 82 8E 227 131 174 E3 83 AE 227 131 183 E3 83 B7 227 139 187 E3 8B BB
Numeric character reference ゎ ゎ ヮ ヮ ヷ ヷ ㋻ ㋻
Shift JIS (plain)[4] 130 236 82 EC 131 142 83 8E
Shift JIS (KanjiTalk 7)[11] 130 236 82 EC 131 142 83 8E 136 106 88 6A
Shift JIS-2004[12] 130 236 82 EC 131 142 83 8E 132 146 84 92
EUC-JP (plain)[5] 164 238 A4 EE 165 238 A5 EE
EUC-JIS-2004[13] 164 238 A4 EE 165 238 A5 EE 167 242 A7 F2
GB 18030[6] 164 238 A4 EE 165 238 A5 EE 129 57 167 53 81 39 A7 35
EUC-KR[7] / UHC[8] 170 238 AA EE 171 238 AB EE
Big5 (non-ETEN kana)[9] 198 242 C6 F2 199 168 C7 A8
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[10] 199 117 C7 75 199 234 C7 EA

References

  1. ^ Fukuzawa, Yukichi (5 December 1897). 福澤全集緖言 (in Japanese). Kyōbashi, Tokyo: Jiji Shinpō Sha. pp. 418–419. 安政五年余が江戶に來(きた)りて初(はじ)めて出(し𛃥つ)版(ぱん)したるは華(くわ)英(えい)通(つう)語(ご)なり是れは飜(ほん)譯(やく)と云ふ可き程(ほど)のものにも非ず原(げん)書(しよ)の橫(よこ)文(も)字(じ)に假(か)名(な)を附(つ)けたるまでにして事(こと)固(もと)より易し唯(たゞ)原(げん)書(しよ)のVの字を正(せい)音(𛀕ん)に近からしめんと欲し試(こゝろみ)にウワの假(か)名(な)に濁(に)點(ごり)を附けてヴヷと記したるは當(たう)時(じ)思(𛀕もひ)付(つき)の新(しん)案(あん)と云ふ可きのみ
  2. ^ Vance, Timothy J. (1987). "Chapter 4: Consonants". An Introduction to Japanese Phonology. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-88706-360-2.
  3. ^ Fukuzawa, Yukichi (1860). 増訂華英通語 (PDF) (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. "Shift-JIS to Unicode".
  5. ^ a b Unicode Consortium; IBM. "EUC-JP-2007". International Components for Unicode.
  6. ^ a b Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set.
  7. ^ a b Unicode Consortium; IBM. "IBM-970". International Components for Unicode.
  8. ^ a b Steele, Shawn (2000). "cp949 to Unicode table". Microsoft / Unicode Consortium.
  9. ^ a b Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. "BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)".
  10. ^ a b van Kesteren, Anne. "big5". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
  11. ^ Apple Computer (2005-04-05) [1995-04-15]. "Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later". Unicode Consortium.
  12. ^ Project X0213 (2009-05-03). "Shift_JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 1) vs Unicode mapping table".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Project X0213 (2009-05-03). "EUC-JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 3) vs Unicode mapping table".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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