Abell 1068 BCG

Abell 1068 BCG
SDSS image of Abell 1068 BCG
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension10h 40m 44.50s[1]
Declination+39° 57′ 11.27″[1]
Redshift0.138391[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity41,489 km/s ± 21[1]
Distance2.006 Gly (615.23 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterAbell 1068
Apparent magnitude (V)18.14
Characteristics
TypecD Sy2[1]
Size~607,000 ly (186.0 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
ABELL 1068:[HDH2012] BCG, IRAS F10378+4012, LEDA 93944, SDSS J104044.50+395711.3[1]

Abell 1068 BCG (short for Abell 1068 Brightest Cluster Galaxy) is a massive type-cD galaxy located in the constellation of Ursa Major. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.138[1][2] and it was first discovered in the IRAS Faint Catalogue survey in 1990.[3] It is the brightest cluster galaxy in the galaxy cluster Abell 1068, with an integrated total luminosity of 0.46 x 1031 erg s-1 Hz-1.[4] It is also classified as a fossil galaxy.[5]

Description

Abell 1068 BCG is classified as a central dominant galaxy lying in the center of the galaxy cluster Abell 1068. It is known to display a central blue nucleus and has a surface brightness profile that is found to increase above the half magnitude of the R1/4 profile with the measured of 81 kiloparsecs and a measured surface brightness of around 25 magnitude. The halo of the galaxy has presence of several blue structures projected into it. There is also an arc-like feature present that is shown to have a bridge connecting to its nucleus. A wisp feature is found to have a curved shape towards the southwest direction of a luminous galaxy. It is also classified as a starburst galaxy, with stars forming at a continuous rate at between 20 and 70 Mʘ per year during the past 100 million years. This is expected to continue for at least one billion years given the presence of a central reservoir of gas with a mass of 4 x 1010 Mʘ.[6] Red supergiant stars may be present in the galaxy based on detections of calcium ion triplets in its spectrum.[7] Evidence also found there is also a secondary starburst that occurred in southeast direction from the core region.[8] The radio source of Abell 1068 BCG is found to be compact based on radio mapping made by Very Large Array (VLA).[9]

The supermassive black hole located inside the center of the galaxy is estimated to be around 1.0+0.6-0.4 x 109 Mʘ based on the adjustment of its value by the factor of 0.35. The Eddington rate of the black hole is estimated to be 1.6+1.0-0.6 x 10-4 Medd based on its black hole measurement from the a 2006 study.[2] In 2011, the infrared spectroscopy spectrum of the galaxy was found to have a red continuum with traces of weak emission features. The total infrared luminosity of the galaxy at 24 ɥm is estimated to be 582 x 1042 erg s-1.[10]

A study published in 2009, has found presence of radio emission that is associated with Abell 1068 BCG. When observed, the emission is shown to have a measured flux density of 8.5 ± 0.6 mJy and has an extension towards the northwest direction.[11] An emission-line nebula is found to surround the galaxy and is known to emit out strong detections of doubly ionized oxygen emission. There are also presence of weak features of Wolf-Raynet stars suggesting the ionization of the nebula is powered through starbursts.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "NED Search results for Abell 1068 BCG". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  2. ^ a b Rafferty, D. A.; McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Wise, M. W. (November 2006). "The Feedback-regulated Growth of Black Holes and Bulges through Gas Accretion and Starbursts in Cluster Central Dominant Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 652 (1): 216–231. arXiv:astro-ph/0605323. Bibcode:2006ApJ...652..216R. doi:10.1086/507672. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ Moshir, M.; et al. (1990). "IRAS Faint Source Catalogue, version 2.0". IRAS Faint Source Catalogue: 0. Bibcode:1990IRASF.C......0M.
  4. ^ Quillen, Alice C.; Zufelt, Nicholas; Park, Jaehong; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi A.; Privon, George; Noel-Storr, Jacob; Edge, Alastair; Russell, Helen; Fabian, Andy; Donahue, Megan; Bregman, Joel N.; McNamara, Brian R.; Sarazin, Craig L. (May 2008). "An Infrared Survey of Brightest Cluster Galaxies. I." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 176 (1): 39–58. arXiv:0711.1118. Bibcode:2008ApJS..176...39Q. doi:10.1086/525560. ISSN 0067-0049.
  5. ^ Harrison, Craig D.; Miller, Christopher J.; Richards, Joseph W.; Lloyd-Davies, E. J.; Hoyle, Ben; Romer, A. Kathy; Mehrtens, Nicola; Hilton, Matt; Stott, John P. (2012-07-26). "The XMM Cluster Survey: The stellar mass assembly of fossil galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 752 (1): 12. arXiv:1202.4450. Bibcode:2012ApJ...752...12H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/12.
  6. ^ McNamara, B. R.; Wise, M. W.; Murray, S. S. (2004-01-20). "The Insignificance of Global Reheating in the A1068 Cluster: Multiwavelength Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal. 601 (1): 173–183. arXiv:astro-ph/0310035. Bibcode:2004ApJ...601..173M. doi:10.1086/380114. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ Allen, S. W. (October 1995). "Starbursts in cooling flows: blue continua and emission-line nebulae in central cluster galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 276 (3): 947–960. Bibcode:1995MNRAS.276..947A. doi:10.1093/mnras/276.3.947. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ^ Molendi, S.; Tozzi, P.; Gaspari, M.; Grandi, S. De; Gastaldello, F.; Ghizzardi, S.; Rossetti, M. (2016-11-01). "Where does the gas fueling star formation in brightest cluster galaxies originate?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: A123. arXiv:1608.05549. Bibcode:2016A&A...595A.123M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628338. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ^ Ball, Rayford; Burns, Jack O.; Loken, Chris (January 1993). "The Radio Properties of CD Galaxies in Abell Clusters. II. The VLA Sample". The Astronomical Journal. 105: 53. Bibcode:1993AJ....105...53B. doi:10.1086/116409. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ^ Donahue, Megan; de Messières, Geneviève E.; O'Connell, Robert W.; Voit, G. Mark; Hoffer, Aaron; McNamara, Brian R.; Nulsen, Paul E. J. (May 2011). "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Ionized Gas, and Molecular Hydrogen in Brightest Cluster Galaxies of Cool-core Clusters of Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 732 (1): 40. arXiv:1103.1410. Bibcode:2011ApJ...732...40D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/40. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ Govoni, F.; Murgia, M.; Markevitch, M.; Feretti, L.; Giovannini, G.; Taylor, G. B.; Carretti, E. (2009-05-01). "A search for diffuse radio emission in the relaxed, cool-core galaxy clusters A1068, A1413, A1650, A1835, A2029, and Ophiuchus". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 499 (2): 371–383. arXiv:0901.1941. Bibcode:2009A&A...499..371G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811180. ISSN 0004-6361.
  12. ^ Hatch, N. A.; Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C. (September 2007). "Ionized nebulae surrounding brightest cluster galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 380 (1): 33–43. arXiv:0706.0661. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.380...33H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12009.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
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