Ashina Xichun
| Chuluo Khagan | |
|---|---|
| Third Khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate | |
| Reign | 619 – c. December 620 |
| Predecessor | Shibi Qaghan |
| Successor | Illig Qaghan |
| Born | Ashina Xichun 阿史那奚纯 |
| Died | c. December 620[1] Ordu Baliq |
| Spouse | Princess Yicheng (義成公主) |
| Issue | Ashina Momo Ashina She'er |
| House | Ashina |
| Father | Yami Qaghan |
| Religion | Tengrism |
Ashina Xichun, also known as Ilteber Shad (Chinese: 俟利弗設; pinyin: sìlìfú shè) or Chuluo Khagan (Turkic: Çula Han, simplified Chinese: 处罗; traditional Chinese: 處羅; pinyin: Chùluo Kěhàn, Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) [tɕʰi̯o˥lɑ˩ kʰɑ˥ɣɑn˩˥], died c. December 620), was the khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, and second son of Yami Qaghan. He succeeded his elder brother Shibi and ruled for 18 months.
Reign
Ashina Xichun succeeded his brother Shibi Qaghan as khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate in 619, as Shibi's son Ashina Shibobi was still a minor. He made Shibobi Nipu shad and appointed eastern territories to him.[2] He terminated the campaign started by his brother after receiving a large tribute from the Tang.
Nevertheless, he created Yang Zhengdao, a posthumous son of Yang Jian, as a puppet king of Sui (隋國王). Starting to plan a major assault as advised by Liang Shidu, he became allied to Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande. As part of the plan, he requested Dou to cross the Taihang Mountains and meet him at Jin (晉州, roughly modern Linfen, Shanxi) and Jiang (絳州, roughly modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) Prefectures.
However he died from illness, possibly poisoned by the Minister of Ceremonies (Chinese: 太常卿; pinyin: tàichángqīng) Zheng Yuanshu (鄭元璹).[3] The perpetrators were executed by Illig Qaghan.[4]
Family
He married the Sui dynasty's Princess Yicheng (義成公主) in heqin, the former wife of Yami Qaghan in a levirate marriage along with other wives. Issue:
- Ashina Momo (阿史那摸末, 607–649) - was titled Yushe shad (郁射設) and married to someone of the imperial Li (李) clan.[5]
- Ashina She'er (阿史那社爾, 609–655) - was titled To shad in youth and married to Princess Hengyang (衡陽公主), daughter of Gaozu.
- Ashina Buzhen (阿史那步真)
- Ashina Daozhen (阿史那道真) - a general in Tang army.
References
- ^ Vol. 188 of Zizhi Tongjian indicate that Chuluo Khagan died in the 11th month of the 3rd year of the Wu'de era of Tang Gaozu's reign, before the yiyou day (25 Dec 620, the day where Chuluo's successor Illig Qaghan sent envoys to inform the Tang court of the death). The month starts from 30 Nov 620 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ Sima Guang, Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 187.
- ^ Sima Guang, Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 189.
- ^ Ahmet., Taşağil (1995–2004). Gök-Türkler. Atatürk Kültür, Dil, ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu (Turkey). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 975161113X. OCLC 33892575.
- ^ Tomb of Ashina Momo
- ^ "A Sequel to the Collection of Tang Dynasty Epitaphs". 唐代墓志匯編續集 : 唐代墓志匯編續集 - Chinese Text Project (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-11-12.
- ^ Zhu, Zhenhong (2013-06-01). "阿史那自奴（哲）墓誌箋證考釋" [A Study on the Epitaph of Ashina Zinu (Zhe)]. 成大歷史學報 [Journal of History of National Cheng Kung University] (in Chinese). 44 (4): 43–107.
Sources
- Zongzheng, Xue (1992). "A History of Turks". Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. ISBN 7-5004-0432-8. p. 208-213.