Desulfotomaculota
| Desulfotomaculota | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | "Desulfotomaculota" Watanabe et al. 2019[1]
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| Classes[2][3] | |
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Desulfotomaculota is a phylum of Gram-positive bacteria within the Firmicutes, characterized by spore-forming, strictly anaerobic rods that typically reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide.[2]
The name derives from the type genus Desulfotomaculum, meaning "sulfate-reducing sausage" (Latin desulfuricare – to desulfurize; tomaculum – sausage), reflecting the curved or straight rod shape of many members.
Established in 2019, the phylum unites several lineages previously scattered across Firmicutes, including thermophilic and mesophilic sulfate reducers.[4]
Members are metabolically diverse but predominantly sulfate-reducing bacteria, using sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate as terminal electron acceptors. Many species also reduce Fe(III), nitrate, or fumarate, and some ferment pyruvate or grow syntrophically with hydrogen-consuming partners.[5] Endospores enable survival in extreme conditions, including high temperature (up to 70 °C (158 °F) in Thermodesulfobium), pressure, and desiccation.[6]
They inhabit anoxic sediments, hydrothermal vents, oil reservoirs, and contaminated groundwater, contributing to sulfur and iron cycling. Certain strains cause microbial corrosion of steel or spoil canned foods by producing H2S.
The phylum includes the classes: Desulfitobacteriia (halophilic and organohalide-respiring) and Moorellia (thermophilic spore-formers). Genomic studies reveal widespread CRISPR systems, toxin-antitoxin modules, and prophages, supporting adaptation to fluctuating redox environments.[7][8][9]
Taxonomy
| Phylogeny of "Desulfotomaculota"[10][11][12] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Class Peptococcia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Peptococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Thermanaerosceptrales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [DRI-13]
- Class "Thermacetogeniia" corrig. Voyron et al. 2022
- Thermacetogeniales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Syntrophomonadia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Syntrophomonadales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Dehalobacteriia"
- "Avidehalobacterales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA4068]
- "Cryptoclostridiales" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022 [UBA7702]
- "Dehalobacteriales"
- Class DSM-16504
- Desulfitibacterales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class KKC1
- Calderihabitantales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class JADQBR01
- "Metallumcola" Hsu et al. 2024 {JADQBR01: JADQBR01}
- Class DULZ01
- Zhaonellaceae Lv et al. 2020 {DULZ01}
- Class "Moorellia" Sorokin et al. 2020
- Neomoorellales Gtari & Ventura 2025
- Class Desulfitobacteriia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Desulfitobacteriales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Heliobacteriales" Kinman 1994 ex Cavalier-Smith 2020
- Class "Carboxydocellia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- "Carboxydocellales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Thermincolia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- "Thermincolales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class "Carboxydothermia" Pallen, Rodriguez-R & Alikhan 2022
- Carboxydothermales Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Class Desulfotomaculia Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Ammonificales corrig. Chuvochina et al. 2024
- Desulfotomaculales Chuvochina et al. 2024
See also
References
- ^ Fotedar, Rashmi; Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo; Kolecka, Anna; Zeyara, Aisha; Al Malki, Ameena; Al Shammari, Hamad; Al Marri, Masoud; Kaul, R.; Boekhout, Teun (2019-10-01). "Toxicocladosporium aquimarinum sp. nov. and Toxicocladosporium qatarense sp. nov., isolated from marine waters of the Arabian Gulf surrounding Qatar". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 69 (10). Microbiology Society: 2992–3000. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003482. PMID 31107193.
- ^ a b Desulfotomaculota in LPSN; Freese, H. M.; Meier-Kolthoff, J. P.; Sardà Carbasse, J.; Afolayan, A. O.; Göker, M. (29 October 2025). "TYGS and LPSN in 2025: a Global Core Biodata Resource for genome-based classification and nomenclature of prokaryotes within DSMZ Digital Diversity". Nucleic Acids Research. 53: D1–D12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1110.
- ^ Schoch CL; et al. "Desulfotomaculia". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-06-05.
- ^ Shin, Joo Yeon; Steger, Michael F.; Shin, Dong Wook; Kim, So Young; Yang, Hyung-Kook; Cho, Juhee; Jeong, Ansuk; Park, Keeho; Kweon, Sun Seog; Park, Jong-Hyock (2019). "Patient-family communication mediates the relation between family hardiness and caregiver positivity: Exploring the moderating role of caregiver depression and anxiety". Journal of Psychosocial Oncology. 37 (5): 557–572. doi:10.1080/07347332.2019.1566808. ISSN 1540-7586. PMID 31107193.
- ^ Lorenzo, Jose M.; Munekata, Paulo E.; Dominguez, Ruben; Pateiro, Mirian; Saraiva, Jorge A.; Franco, Daniel (2018), "Main Groups of Microorganisms of Relevance for Food Safety and Stability", Innovative Technologies for Food Preservation, Elsevier: 53–107, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811031-7.00003-0, ISBN 978-0-12-811031-7, PMC 7150063
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link) - ^ Aullo, Thomas; Ranchou-Peyruse, Anthony; Ollivier, Bernard; Magot, Michel (2013-12-02). "Desulfotomaculum spp. and related gram-positive sulfate-reducing bacteria in deep subsurface environments". Frontiers in Microbiology. 4: 362. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00362. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 3844878. PMID 24348471.
- ^ Makarova, K.S.; Wolf, Y.I.; Iranzo, J.; et al. (2020). "Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 18 (2): 67–83. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x. PMC 7028446. PMID 31857715.
- ^ Junior, E.C.V.; et al. (2018). "Genomic analysis of Desulfotomaculum spp. reveals distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems". PeerJ. 6 e5812. doi:10.7717/peerj.5812. PMC 6224433. PMID 30416893.
- ^ Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Iranzo, Jaime; Shmakov, Sergey A.; Alkhnbashi, Omer S.; Brouns, Stan J. J.; Charpentier, Emmanuelle; Cheng, David; Haft, Daniel H.; Horvath, Philippe; Moineau, Sylvain; Mojica, Francisco J. M.; Scott, David; Shah, Shiraz A.; Siksnys, Virginijus (February 2020). "Evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 18 (2): 67–83. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0299-x. ISSN 1740-1534. PMC 8905525. PMID 31857715.
- ^ "GTDB release 10-RS226". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
- ^ "bac120_r226.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 1 May 2025.