Dysprosium(III) carbonate

Dysprosium(III) carbonate
Names
Other names
  • Didysprosium tricarbonate
  • Dysprosium carbonate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.023.428
EC Number
  • 225-770-7
  • InChI=1S/3CH2O3.2Dy/c3*2-1(3)4;;/h3*(H2,2,3,4);;/q;;;2*+3/p-6
    Key: QGXMZGYYAAPYRV-UHFFFAOYSA-H
  • tetrahydrate: InChI=1S/3CH2O3.2Dy.4H2O/c3*2-1(3)4;;;;;;/h3*(H2,2,3,4);;;4*1H2/q;;;2*+3;;;;/p-6
    Key: BQRZSEZQNZPPPU-UHFFFAOYSA-H
  • C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Dy+3].[Dy+3]
  • tetrahydrate: C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].O.O.O.O.[Dy+3].[Dy+3]
Properties
Dy2(CO3)3
Molar mass 505.024 g·mol−1
Appearance white solid[1]
insoluble[1]
Hazards
GHS labelling:[2]
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H315, H319, H335
P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Dysprosium(III) carbonate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Dy2(CO3)3. It is a white, paramagnetic solid.[3]

Properties

An amorphous tetrahydrate exists, stable in air up to near the decomposition temperature.[3] It progressively looses water upon heating and is directly converted to dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) by dehydration and carbonate calcination:[3][4]

Dy2(CO3)3·xH2O → Dy2O3 + xH2O + 3 CO2

An orthorhombic kozoite-type DyCO3OH forms under hydrothermal conditions, and a poorly crystalline tengerite-type Dy2(CO3)·2-3H2O remains stable at ambient temperature.[3]

Preparation

Dysprosium(III) carbonate can be prepared by reacting a soluble dysprosium salt such as dysprosium(III) chloride with sodium carbonate, forming a white gel-like precipitate.[3][5] The flow rate of the Dy(III) solution and the reactor temperature affect the particle size of the product.[5]

Another method involves the hydrolysis of dysprosium trichloroacetate in a homogeneous phase reaction:[6]

2 Dy(Cl3CCOO)3 + (x+3)H2O → Dy2(CO3)3·xH2O + 3 CO2 + 6 CHCl3

Carbon dioxide and chloroform are formed as byproducts in this reaction.

It can also be prepared by passing carbon dioxide through a suspension of dysprosium hydroxide or oxide in water.[6] The conversion is slow and may not produce a pure product.[6] The reaction is fast with higher yields if supercritical CO2 at high pressure is used instead.[6]

Uses

It can be used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange under ultraviolet light.[5]

The crystal structures of the hydroxide carbonate (DyOHCO3) and another basic carbonate (Dy2O2CO3) have been determined.[7][8] They can be prepared by hydrothermal synthesis involving the reaction of dysprosium(III) chloride and carbon dioxide with caesium carbonate and potassium carbonate respectively.[8]

The dysprosium tetracarbonate complex [C(NH2)3]4[Dy(CO3)4(H2O)](H3O)·13H2O has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.[9] It can be prepared by treating saturated guanidinium carbonate solution with dysprosium nitrate.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b Perry, Dale L. (2016-04-19). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.
  2. ^ PubChem. "Carbonic acid, dysprosium(3+) salt (3:2)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  3. ^ a b c d e Vallina, Beatriz; Rodriguez-Blanco, Juan Diego; Brown, Andrew P.; Blanco, Jesus A.; Benning, Liane G. (2013-01-26). "Amorphous dysprosium carbonate: characterization, stability, and crystallization pathways". Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 15 (2): 1438. doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1438-3. hdl:10651/13251. ISSN 1572-896X.
  4. ^ He, Wenrui; Liu, Zhihong; Liu, Zhiyong (2023-05-15). "Phase and Structure Evolution of Dysprosium Carbonate during Hydrothermal Processes in Dy3+–NH4+–CO32– System". Inorganic Chemistry. 62 (19): 7203–7211. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04438. ISSN 0020-1669.
  5. ^ a b c Rahimi-Nasrabadi, Mehdi; Pourmortazavi, Seied Mahdi; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Novrouzi, Parviz; Faridbod, Farnoosh; Karimi, Meisam Sadeghpour (2017-02-01). "Preparation of dysprosium carbonate and dysprosium oxide efficient photocatalyst nanoparticles through direct carbonation and precursor thermal decomposition". Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 28 (4): 3325–3336. doi:10.1007/s10854-016-5926-y. ISSN 1573-482X.
  6. ^ a b c d Yanagihara, Naohisa; Vemulapalli, Krishna; Fernando, Quintus; Dyke, James T. (1991-01-01). "Synthesis of lanthanide carbonates". Journal of the Less Common Metals. 167 (2): 223–232. doi:10.1016/0022-5088(91)90277-B. ISSN 0022-5088.
  7. ^ Doert, Th; Rademacher, O.; Getzschmann, J. (1999-03-01). "Crystal structure of dysprosium hydroxide carbonate, DyOHCO3". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (in German). 214 (1): 11–12. doi:10.1515/ncrs-1999-0107. ISSN 2197-4578.
  8. ^ a b Kutlu, Ibrahim; Meyer, Gerd (March 1993). "Basische Carbonate des Dysprosiums: Dy2O2(CO3) und Dy(OH)(CO3)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 625 (3): 402–406. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199903)625:3<402::AID-ZAAC402>3.0.CO;2-S. ISSN 0044-2313.
  9. ^ a b Goff, George S.; Cisneros, Michael R.; Kluk, Chandra; Williamson, Kevin; Scott, Brian; Reilly, Sean; Runde, Wolfgang (2010-07-19). "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Molecular Dy(III) and Er(III) Tetra-Carbonates". Inorganic Chemistry. 49 (14): 6558–6564. doi:10.1021/ic1004598. ISSN 0020-1669.
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