Gliese 710

For the song, see Gliese 710 (song).
Gliese 710
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Serpens[1]
Right ascension 18h 19m 50.8412s[2]
Declination −01° 56′ 19.005″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.65–9.69[3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage main sequence[4]
Spectral type K7 Vk[5]
U−B color index +1.26[6]
B−V color index +1.37[6]
Variable type Suspected[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−14.53±0.44[7] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −0.414±0.019[7] mas/yr
Dec.: −0.108±0.017[7] mas/yr
Parallax (π)52.3963±0.0171 mas[7]
Distance62.25 ± 0.02 ly
(19.085 ± 0.006 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)8.20[8]
Details
Mass0.57[9] M☉
Radius0.58[9] R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)0.091[9] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.66[9] cgs
Temperature4,143[9] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.11[9] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)6.42±0.78[10] km/s
Age300[4] Myr
Other designations
Gliese 710, BD−01°3474, HIP 89825, HD 168442, NSV 10635[6]
Database references
SIMBADdata
ARICNSdata

Gliese 710, or HIP 89825, is an orangish 0.6 M☉ star in the constellation Serpens Cauda. It is projected to pass near the Sun in about 1.29 million years at a predicted minimum distance of 0.051 parsecs – 0.1663 light-years (10,520 astronomical units)[7] (about 1.6 trillion km) – about ⁠1/25⁠ of the current distance to Proxima Centauri.[11] Such a distance would make for a similar brightness to the brightest planets, optimally reaching an apparent visual magnitude of about −2.7 . The star's proper motion will peak around one arcminute per year,[12][13] a rate of apparent motion that would be noticeable over a human lifespan. This is a timeframe, based on data from Data Release 3 from the Gaia spacecraft, well within the parameters of current models which cover the next 15 million years.

Description

Gliese 710 is currently 62.3 light-years (19.1 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Serpens and has a below naked-eye visual magnitude of 9.69 . A stellar classification of K7 Vk means it is a small main-sequence star mostly generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. (The suffix 'k' indicates that the spectrum shows absorption lines from interstellar matter.) Stellar mass is about 57% of the Sun's mass with an estimated 58% of the Sun's radius. It is suspected to be a variable star that may vary in magnitude from 9.65 to 9.69 . As of 2020, no planets have been detected orbiting it.

Computing and details of the closest approach

An artist's rendering of the Oort cloud and the Kuiper belt (inset)

In their 2010 work, Bobylev et al. suggested that Gliese 710 has an 86% chance of passing through the Oort cloud, assuming the Oort cloud to be a spheroid around the Sun with semiminor and semimajor axes of 80,000 and 100,000 AU, respectively. The distance of closest approach of Gliese 710 is generally difficult to compute precisely as it depends sensitively on its current position and velocity; Bobylev et al. estimated that Gliese 710 would pass within 0.311±0.167 parsecs (1.014±0.545 light-years) of the Sun.[14] At the time, there was even a 1-in-10,000 chance of the star penetrating into the region (d < 1,000 AU) where the influence of the passing star on Kuiper belt objects would be significant.

Results from new calculations that include input data from Gaia DR3 indicate that the flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System will on average be closer at 0.051±0.003 pc (10,635±500 AU) in 1.29±0.04 Ma time, considerably more precise than previous estimates.[7] The effects of such an encounter on the orbit of the Pluto–Charon system (and therefore, on the classical trans-Neptunian belt) are negligible, but Gliese 710 will traverse the outer Oort cloud (inside 100,000 AU or 0.48 pc) and reach the outskirts of the inner Oort cloud (inward of 20,000 =AU).

Gliese 710 has the potential to perturb the Oort cloud in the outer Solar System, exerting enough force to send showers of comets into the inner Solar System for millions of years, triggering visibility of about ten naked-eye comets per year,[13] and possibly causing an impact event. According to Filip Berski and Piotr Dybczyński, this event will be "the strongest disrupting encounter in the future and history of the Solar System."[15] Earlier dynamic models indicated that the net increase in cratering rate due to the passage of Gliese 710 would be no more than 5%.[16] They had originally estimated that the closest approach would happen in 1.36 million years when the star will approach within 0.337±0.177 parsecs (1.100±0.577 light-years) of the Sun.[17] Gaia DR2 later found the minimum perihelion distance to be 0.0676±0.0157 parsecs or 13,900±3,200 AU, about 1.281 million years from now.[18]

Table of predicted distances and time of Gliese 710 encounter with Sun
Encounter distance Encounter time
(Myr) 		Date of
prediction 		Ref
(pc) (au)
0.34±0.18 pc 70,000 ± 37,000 AU 1.36±0.04 1999 [16]
0.311±0.167 pc 64,000 ± 34,000 AU 1.45±0.06 March 2010 [14]
0.0648±0.0303 pc 13,400 ± 6,200 AU 1.35 November 2016 [12]
0.052±0.01 pc 10,700 ± 2,100 AU 1.28±0.05 May 2018 [11]
0.0676±0.0157 pc 13,900 ± 3,200 AU 1.281 May 2018 [18]
0.051±0.003 pc 10,520 ± 620 AU 1.29±0.04 December 2020 [7]
0.052±0.002 pc 10,730 ± 410 AU 1.29±0.02 June 2022 [19]

See also

References

  1. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. XHIP record for this object at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ a b Kukarkin, B.V.; Kholopov, P.N.; Pskovsky, Y P.; Efremov, Y.N.; Kukarkina, N.P.; Kurochkin, N.E.; Medvedeva, G.I. (1971). General Catalogue of Variable Stars (3rd ed.). Bibcode:1971GCVS3.C......0K. The third edition, containing information on 20437 variable stars discovered and designated till 1968
  4. ^ a b Passegger, V.M.; Schweitzer, A.; Shulyak, D.; Nagel, E.; Hauschildt, P.H.; Reiners, A.; et al. (2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Photospheric parameters of target stars from high-resolution spectroscopy. II. Simultaneous multiwavelength range modeling of activity insensitive lines". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 627: 627. arXiv:1907.00807. Bibcode:2019A&A...627A.161P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935679.
  5. ^ Gray, R.O.; et al. (Research Consortium On Nearby Stars (NStars)) (July 2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Northern Sample I". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637. S2CID 119476992.
  6. ^ a b c "GJ 710". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos (2020). "An update on the future flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System using Gaia EDR3: Slightly closer and a tad later than previous estimates". Research Notes of the AAS. 4 (12): 222. Bibcode:2020RNAAS...4..222D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/abd18d.
  8. ^ Koen, C.; Kilkenny, D.; van Wyk, F.; Marang, F. (2010). "UBV(RI)C JHK observations of Hipparcos-selected nearby stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 403 (4): 1949. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.403.1949K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16182.x.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Schweitzer, Andreas; Passegger, V.M.; Cifuentes, C.; Béjar, Victor J.S.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Caballero, José A.; et al. (May 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Different roads to radii and masses of the target stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: 16. arXiv:1904.03231. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..68S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834965. S2CID 102351979. A68.
  10. ^ López-Santiago, J.; Montes, D.; Gálvez-Ortiz, M.C.; Crespo-Chacón, I.; Martínez-Arnáiz, R.M.; Fernández-Figueroa, M. J.; et al. (May 2010). "A high-resolution spectroscopic survey of late-type stars: Chromospheric activity, rotation, kinematics, and age". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 514: A97. arXiv:1002.1663. Bibcode:2010A&A...514A..97L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913437. S2CID 118640516.
  11. ^ a b de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos (2018). "An independent confirmation of the future flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System using Gaia". Research Notes of the AAS. 2 (2): 30. arXiv:1805.02644. Bibcode:2018RNAAS...2...30D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aac2d0. S2CID 119467738.
  12. ^ a b Berski, Filip; Dybczyński, Piotr A. (1 November 2016). "Gliese 710 will pass the Sun even closer". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: L10. Bibcode:2016A&A...595L..10B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629835. ISSN 0004-6361.
  13. ^ a b Dorminey, Bruce (22 December 2016). "Solar System's next close encounter will be with Gliese 710, say astronomers". Forbes. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  14. ^ a b Bobylev, Vadim V. (March 2010). "Searching for stars closely encountering with the Solar System". Astronomy Letters. 36 (3): 220–226. arXiv:1003.2160. Bibcode:2010AstL...36..220B. doi:10.1134/S1063773710030060. S2CID 118374161.
  15. ^ Dvorsky, George (22 December 2016). "Incoming star could spawn swarms of comets when it passes our Sun". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  16. ^ a b García-Sánchez, Joan; Preston, Robert A.; Jones, Dayton L.; Weissman, Paul R.; Lestrade, Jean-François; Latham, David W.; Stefanik, Robert P. (1999). "Stellar encounters with the Oort cloud based on Hipparcos data". The Astronomical Journal. 117 (2): 1042–1055. Bibcode:1999AJ....117.1042G. doi:10.1086/300723. S2CID 122929693.
  17. ^ García-Sánchez, J.; Weissman, P.R.; Preston, R.A.; Jones, D.L.; Lestrade, J.-F.; Latham, D.W.; et al. (2001). "Stellar encounters with the solar system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 379 (2): 634–659. Bibcode:2001A&A...379..634G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011330.
  18. ^ a b Bailer-Jones, C.A.L.; Rybizki, J.; Andrae, R.; Fouesnea, M. (2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second Gaia data release". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616: A37. arXiv:1805.07581. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456. S2CID 56269929.
  19. ^ de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl; dde la Fuente Marcos, Carlos (2022). "An update on the future flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System using Gaia DR3: Flyby parameters reproduced, uncertainties reduced". Research Notes of the AAS. 6 (6): 136. Bibcode:2022RNAAS...6..136D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ac7b95.
  20. ^ "King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard announce three albums dropping in October, share "Ice V": Stream". Consequence. 2022-09-07. Retrieved 2025-04-26.
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