List of historical earthquakes

This article is about historical earthquakes (before 1901). For 1901–2000 earthquakes, see Lists of 20th-century earthquakes. For earthquakes after 2000, see Lists of 21st-century earthquakes.

This is a list of historical earthquakes.

Historical earthquakes are significant earthquakes that occurred before the early 20th century. These events are primarily documented through written sources, observations of shaking objects or animal behavior,[1] religious beliefs (e.g., "God's punishment")[2] or palaeoseismological techniques. Due to the lack of instrumental recordings, there is often significant uncertainty in the locations, magnitudes, and dates of these earthquakes. The number of fatalities is also often uncertain, especially for older events.

Notes

‡ Time is local time unless otherwise noted

Pre-11th century

Date Time‡ Event Place Coordinates Fatalities Mag. Comments Sources
1920 BCE Jishi Gorge outburst flood Qinghai, China Flood caused by landslide triggered by earthquake [3]
1740 BCE Mount Tai earthquake Fa of Xia "Bamboo Annals"
[4][5]
479 BCE 479 BC Potidaea earthquake Aegean Sea 39°42′N 23°18′E / 39.7°N 23.3°E / 39.7; 23.3 7.0 MS  Earliest recorded tsunami; saved Potidaea from invasion by Achaemenid Empire [6]
464 BCE 464 BC Sparta earthquake Sparta, Greece 37°05′N 22°26′E / 37.08°N 22.43°E / 37.08; 22.43 7.2 MS  Led to helot uprising and strained relations with Athens as a factor in the Peloponnesian War [7]
373 BCE Gulf of Corinth, Greece Resulting tsunami destroyed the city of Helike [8]
226 BCE 226 BC Rhodes earthquake Rhodes, Greece Destroyed the Colossus of Rhodes and the city of Kameiros [9]
60 BCE Portugal and Galicia coasts 8.5 Mw  Caused tsunami [10]
17 CE At night AD 17 Lydia earthquake Asia minor 38°29′N 28°02′E / 38.49°N 28.04°E / 38.49; 28.04 Destroyed 13 cities in Asia Minor Tacitus and Pliny the Elder
13 December 115 CE 115 Antioch earthquake Antioch 36°06′N 36°06′E / 36.1°N 36.1°E / 36.1; 36.1 260,000 7.5 MS  [11]
29 April 801 CE 801 Apennine earthquake Central Italy 42°28′05″N 13°33′58″E / 42.468°N 13.566°E / 42.468; 13.566 5.4 Me  Rome greatly damaged with the quake also felt in Spoleto [12]
24 November 847 CE 847 Damascus earthquake Damascus, Syria 34°24′N 36°18′E / 34.4°N 36.3°E / 34.4; 36.3 70,000 7.3 Mw  [13][14]
December 856 CE Corinth, Greece 37°54′N 22°54′E / 37.9°N 22.9°E / 37.9; 22.9 45,000 [14][15]
22 December 856 CE 856 Damghan earthquake Qumis, Iran from Khuvar to Bustam and Gurgan 36°12′N 54°18′E / 36.2°N 54.3°E / 36.2; 54.3 200,000 7.9 MS  City of Qumis (Hecatompylos) partially destroyed with 45,096 casualties reported; aftershocks continued for about one year [14][16]
13 July 869 CE 869 Jōgan earthquake Sendai, Japan 38°30′N 143°48′E / 38.5°N 143.8°E / 38.5; 143.8 1,000 8.6–9.0 Mw  [17][18]
23 March 893 CE 893 Ardabil earthquake Ardabil, Iran 38°17′N 48°18′E / 38.28°N 48.3°E / 38.28; 48.3 150,000 5.3-6.0 Regarded as "fake earthquake", due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event (below) [19]
28 December 893 CE 00:00 893 Dvin earthquake Dvin, Armenia 40°00′N 44°36′E / 40.0°N 44.6°E / 40.0; 44.6 30,000 6.0 Mw  Later wrongly located in India [20]

11th–16th centuries

Date Time‡ Event Place Coordinates Fatalities Mag. Comments Sources
December 1033 1033 Jordan Valley earthquake Jordan Valley, Levant, Israel, State of Palestine 32°30′N 35°30′E / 32.5°N 35.5°E / 32.5; 35.5 70,000 7.3 Mw  Caused tsunami [21]
December 1037 Taizhou, Jiangsu, China 32°00′N 119°00′E / 32.0°N 119.0°E / 32.0; 119.0 22,391 [22][23]
August 12, 1042 Palmyra, Baalbek, Syria, Lebanon 35°06′N 38°54′E / 35.1°N 38.9°E / 35.1; 38.9 50,000 7.2 Mw  [13][14]
March 18, 1068 1068 Near East earthquake Near East 29°30′N 34°57′E / 29.5°N 34.95°E / 29.5; 34.95 20,000 7.0+ Mw  [24][25]
October 11, 1138 1138 Aleppo earthquake Aleppo, Syria 36°08′N 37°06′E / 36.13°N 37.1°E / 36.13; 37.1 230,000 7.1 Mw  [13][26]
September 30, 1139 1139 Ganja earthquake Ganja, Azerbaijan 40°18′N 46°12′E / 40.3°N 46.2°E / 40.3; 46.2 230,000–300,000 7.7 MLH  Resulted in total destruction of Ganja [27]
August 12, 1157 08:15 1157 Hama earthquake Hama, Syria 35°06′N 36°30′E / 35.1°N 36.5°E / 35.1; 36.5 8,000 7.4 Ms  Largest in sequence of earthquakes from late 1156 to early 1159 [13][26][28]
February 4, 1169 1169 Sicily earthquake Sicily 37°13′01″N 14°57′00″E / 37.217°N 14.95°E / 37.217; 14.95 15,000 7.3 MS  [29]
June 29, 1170 06:29 1170 Syria earthquake Syria, Lebanon, central southern Turkey 35°06′N 36°30′E / 35.1°N 36.5°E / 35.1; 36.5 5,000–80,000 in Aleppo[30]; 25,000 in Hama 7.7 Mw  Numerous Crusader-era sources[26][28]
July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202 1202 Syria earthquake Eastern Mediterranean from Syria to Upper Egypt 33°30′N 36°00′E / 33.5°N 36.0°E / 33.5; 36.0 1,100,000 (includes famine/disease deaths) 7.6 MS 
May 11, 1222 06:15 1222 Cyprus earthquake Cyprus 34°42′N 32°36′E / 34.7°N 32.6°E / 34.7; 32.6 7.0–7.5 Damage in Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia [31]
1269 1269 Cilicia earthquake Cilicia, Anatolia, (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) 36°56′10″N 36°15′54″E / 36.936°N 36.265°E / 36.936; 36.265 60,000 7.22±0.46 Mw 
September 27, 1290 1290 Zhili earthquake Zhili (Hebei), China 41°30′N 119°18′E / 41.5°N 119.3°E / 41.5; 119.3 100,000 6.8 MS  [32]
May 26, 1293 1293 Kamakura earthquake Kamakura, Japan, (now in Kanagawa Prefecture, Kantō region) 35°12′N 139°24′E / 35.2°N 139.4°E / 35.2; 139.4 23,024 7.1 [33]
August 8, 1303 06:00 1303 Crete earthquake Crete 35°00′N 27°00′E / 35.0°N 27.0°E / 35.0; 27.0 up to 10,000 8 Resulting tsunami devastated Alexandria, Egypt [34]
September 25, 1303 1303 Hongdong earthquake China 36°48′N 111°42′E / 36.8°N 111.7°E / 36.8; 111.7 170,000, 200,000+, or 270,000[35][36] 7.2–7.6 Mw  Destroyed Taiyuan and Pingyang [37]
January 1, 1341 Crimea, Ukraine 6 [38]
January 25, 1348 15:00 1348 Friuli earthquake Friuli, Venice, Rome 46°30′14″N 13°34′52″E / 46.504°N 13.581°E / 46.504; 13.581 10,000 6.63±0.10 Mw  [14]
August 24, 1356 1356 Lisbon earthquake Lisbon, Portugal 36°18′N 10°00′W / 36.3°N 10.0°W / 36.3; -10.0 8.5 [39][40]
October 18, 1356 1356 Basel earthquake Basel, Switzerland 47°30′N 7°36′E / 47.5°N 7.6°E / 47.5; 7.6 1,000 6.0–7.1 Mw  [41]
May 21, 1382 1382 Dover Straits earthquake Kent, England 51°20′N 2°00′E / 51.34°N 2.0°E / 51.34; 2.0 6.0 MS  "Earthquake Synod" that struck during synod called to condemn heresy of John Wycliffe with some viewing event as portentous [42][43]
February 2, 1428 1428 Catalonia earthquake Catalonia (now Spain) 42°22′N 2°09′E / 42.37°N 2.15°E / 42.37; 2.15 1,000s 6.7 Me  Sometimes called "terratrèmol de la candelera" because it took place during Candlemas [14][44][45]
December 5 & 30, 1456 1456 Central Italy earthquakes Province of Benevento, Kingdom of Naples (now Italy) 41°18′07″N 14°42′40″E / 41.302°N 14.711°E / 41.302; 14.711 30,000–70,000 7.2 Mw  Largest and most widespread earthquake on Italian Peninsula with another 7.0 shock on December 30
May 3, 1481 03:00 1481 Rhodes earthquake Rhodes, Greece 36°00′N 28°00′E / 36.0°N 28.0°E / 36.0; 28.0 30,000 7.1 MS  Largest in series of earthquakes that lasted 10 months [46]
September 20, 1498 08:00 1498 Meiō earthquake Honshu, Japan 34°00′N 138°00′E / 34.0°N 138.0°E / 34.0; 138.0 31,000 8.6 Ms  [47]
June 6, 1505 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake Nepal 29°30′N 83°00′E / 29.5°N 83.0°E / 29.5; 83.0 8.2–8.8 Killed approximately 30% of Nepalese population
September 10, 1509 22:00 1509 Constantinople earthquake Istanbul, Turkey 40°45′N 29°00′E / 40.75°N 29.0°E / 40.75; 29.0 10,000 7.2±0.3 Ms  [48]
January 26, 1531 04:00 1531 Lisbon earthquake Lisbon, Portugal 39°00′N 8°00′W / 39.0°N 8.0°W / 39.0; -8.0 30,000 6.4–7.1 Mw  [49]
1548 1548 Bengal earthquake Sylhet, Bangladesh 7.1+ Mw  Felt over large area with water and mud ejected from ground due to liquefaction causing extensive damage [50]
January 23, 1556 1556 Shaanxi earthquake Shaanxi, China 34°18′N 109°11′E / 34.3°N 109.18°E / 34.3; 109.18 830,000+ 7.0-8.0 Mw  Deadliest earthquake in recorded history USGS
November 16–17, 1570 03:00 1570 Ferrara earthquake Ferrara, Italy 44°49′01″N 11°37′59″E / 44.817°N 11.633°E / 44.817; 11.633 171 5.5 MI  Azariah de Rossi's "Kol Elohim"[14][51]
December 16, 1575 14:30 1575 Valdivia earthquake Valdivia, Chile 39°48′S 73°12′W / 39.8°S 73.2°W / -39.8; -73.2 8.5 MS  [14][52]
June 11, 1585 1585 Aleutian Islands earthquake Aleutian Islands, Alaska 9.25 Mw  Moderate tsunami struck Sanriku coast of Japan on June 11; Hawaiian oral traditions report deaths after tsunami-like event; paleotsunami evidence in Hawaiian Islands consistent with large 16th-century tsunami with modelling of 9.25 Aleutian Islands earthquake [53]
January 18, 1586 23:00 1586 Tenshō earthquake Chūbu region, Japan 36°00′N 136°54′E / 36.0°N 136.9°E / 36.0; 136.9 8,000 7.9 MJMA  Caused tsunami [54]

17th century

Date Time‡ Event Place Coordinates Fatalities Mag. Comments Sources
November 24, 1604 13:30 1604 Arica earthquake Arica, Chile 18°30′S 70°24′W / 18.5°S 70.4°W / -18.5; -70.4 100+ 8.7–9.0 Mw  Created large tsunami that caused widespread damage to Southern Peru [55]
February 3, 1605 20:00 1605 Keichō earthquake Shikoku, Honshu, Japan 33°30′N 138°30′E / 33.5°N 138.5°E / 33.5; 138.5 "thousands" 7.9 Ms  [56]
July 13, 1605 1605 Guangdong earthquake Qiongshan, Hainan, China 19°54′N 110°30′E / 19.9°N 110.5°E / 19.9; 110.5 "several thousand" 7.5 MS  [57]
December 11, 1611 10:30 1611 Sanriku earthquake Sanriku, Japan 39°00′N 144°24′E / 39.0°N 144.4°E / 39.0; 144.4 5,000 8.1 Ms  [58]
October 25, 1622 1622 North Guyuan earthquake Ningxia, China 36°30′N 106°18′E / 36.5°N 106.3°E / 36.5; 106.3 12,000 7.0 Ms  [59]
May 11, 1624 03:00–04:00 1624 Fez earthquake Fez, Morocco 34°06′N 5°06′W / 34.1°N 5.1°W / 34.1; -5.1 "thousands" 6.0 Mw  [60]
August 1, 1629 1629 Banda Sea earthquake Banda Sea, Indonesia 4°36′S 129°54′E / 4.6°S 129.9°E / -4.6; 129.9 0 8.2-8.8 Mw  [61]
March 27, 1638 1638 Calabrian earthquakes Calabria, Italy 38°38′N 15°47′E / 38.64°N 15.78°E / 38.64; 15.78 9,581–30,000 7.1 Mw  Sequence of four earthquakes [62]
February 5, 1641 At night 1641 Tabriz earthquake Tabriz, Iran 37°54′N 46°06′E / 37.9°N 46.1°E / 37.9; 46.1 12,613–30,000 6.8 Ms 
February 5, 1663 17:30 1663 Charlevoix earthquake Quebec, Canada 47°36′N 70°06′E / 47.6°N 70.1°E / 47.6; 70.1 0 7.3–7.9 Mw  Landslides were most significant feature [63]
April 6, 1667 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake Dubrovnik, Croatia 42°18′N 18°06′E / 42.3°N 18.1°E / 42.3; 18.1 3,000 7.2 Mw  [64]
November 25, 1667 1667 Shamakhi earthquake Shamakhi, Azerbaijan 40°36′N 48°36′E / 40.6°N 48.6°E / 40.6; 48.6 80,000 6.9 Ms  [32]
July 25, 1668 1668 Shandong earthquake Shandong, China 35°18′N 118°36′E / 35.3°N 118.6°E / 35.3; 118.6 42,578 8.5 Mw  Largest recorded earthquake in East China [65]
August 17, 1668 1668 North Anatolia earthquake Anatolia, Turkey 40°00′N 36°00′E / 40.0°N 36.0°E / 40.0; 36.0 8,000 8 Mw  Largest recorded earthquake in Turkey USGS
February 17, 1674 19:30 1674 Ambon earthquake and megatsunami Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia 3°45′N 127°45′E / 3.75°N 127.75°E / 3.75; 127.75 2,347 6.8 Mw  Tsunami up to 100 meters high; first and largest documented tsunami in Indonesia
November 4, 1677 20:00 1677 Bōsō earthquake Bōsō Peninsula, Japan 35°00′N 141°30′E / 35.0°N 141.5°E / 35.0; 141.5 569 8.3–8.6 Mw  [66]
October 20, 1687 11:30 1687 Peru earthquake Lima, Peru 15°12′S 75°54′W / 15.2°S 75.9°W / -15.2; -75.9 5,000 8.2 Mw  [14]
June 5, 1688 1688 Sannio earthquake Province of Benevento, Italy 41°18′N 14°36′E / 41.3°N 14.6°E / 41.3; 14.6 10,000 7 Mw  Destroyed Cerreto Sannita and Guardia Sanframondi, heavily damaged Benevento [67]
September 13, 1692 11:00 1692 Salta earthquake Salta Province, Argentina 25°24′S 64°48′W / 25.4°S 64.8°W / -25.4; -64.8 13 7.0 Mw  Destroyed village of Talavera del Esteco [68]
June 7, 1692 11:43 1692 Jamaica earthquake Port Royal, Jamaica 17°54′N 76°48′W / 17.9°N 76.8°W / 17.9; -76.8 2,000+ 7 Mw  [69][70]
January 11, 1693 1693 Sicily earthquake Catania Province, Sicily 60,000 7.5 Mw 
September 5, 1694 11:40 1694 Irpinia–Basilicata earthquake Irpinia, Italy 40°53′N 15°21′E / 40.88°N 15.35°E / 40.88; 15.35 6,000 6.9 Mw  [71]
May 18, 1695 12:00 1695 Linfen earthquake Shanxi, China 36°00′N 111°30′E / 36.0°N 111.5°E / 36.0; 111.5 52,600–176,365 7.8 Mw  [72]
January 5, 1699 Early morning 1699 Java earthquake Batavia, Dutch East Indies (Jakarta, Indonesia) 6°04′41″N 105°54′47″E / 6.078°N 105.913°E / 6.078; 105.913 128+ 7.4–8.0 Mw 

18th century

Date Time‡ Event Place Coordinates Fatalities Mag. Comments Sources
January 26, 1700 21:00 1700 Cascadia earthquake Cascadia subduction zone 45°00′N 125°00′W / 45.0°N 125.0°W / 45.0; -125.0 8.7–9.2 Mw  Source of "Orphan Tsunami" which struck Japan hours later (Satake et al., 1996) USGS
January 14, 1703 18:00 UTC Norcia earthquake Norcia, Italy 42°42′N 13°04′E / 42.7°N 13.07°E / 42.7; 13.07 6,240–9,761 6.7 ML  First of three 1703 Apennine earthquakes [14][73]
January 16, 1703 13:30 UTC Montereale earthquake Montereale, Abruzzo, Italy 42°37′N 13°06′E / 42.62°N 13.1°E / 42.62; 13.1 6.2 ML  Second of three 1703 Apennine earthquakes [14][73]
February 2, 1703 11:05 UTC L'Aquila earthquake L'Aquila, Italy 42°26′N 13°18′E / 42.43°N 13.3°E / 42.43; 13.3 2,500–5,000 6.7 ML  Third of three 1703 Apennine earthquakes [14][73]
December 31, 1703 02:00 1703 Genroku earthquake Kantō region, Japan 34°42′N 139°48′E / 34.7°N 139.8°E / 34.7; 139.8 5,233–200,000 8.2 Ms  Caused major tsunami [74]
November 3, 1706 13:00 1706 Abruzzo earthquake Abruzzo, Italy 42°04′34″N 14°04′48″E / 42.076°N 14.08°E / 42.076; 14.08 2,400 6.6–6.84 Mw  Also known as the Maiella earthquake [74]
October 28, 1707 13:45 1707 Hōei earthquake Chūbu region, Kansai region, Shikoku, and Kyushu, Japan 33°12′N 135°54′E / 33.2°N 135.9°E / 33.2; 135.9 4,900–21,000 8.6 ML  Caused major tsunami [75]
October 14, 1709 Morning 1709 Zhongwei earthquake Zhongwei, China 37°24′N 105°18′E / 37.4°N 105.3°E / 37.4; 105.3 2,032 7.5 MS  [76][77]
February 3, 1716 1716 Algiers earthquake Algiers, Algeria 36°42′N 3°06′E / 36.7°N 3.1°E / 36.7; 3.1 20,000 7.0 Mw  Largest of a seismic sequence which began in February and ended in May 1716
June 19, 1718 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake Gansu, China 35°00′N 105°12′E / 35.0°N 105.2°E / 35.0; 105.2 73,000 7.5 Ms  [78]
April 26, 1721 1721 Tabriz earthquake Tabriz, Iran 38°00′N 46°18′E / 38.0°N 46.3°E / 38.0; 46.3 8,000–250,000 7.7 Ms  [74]
July 8, 1730 08:45 1730 Valparaíso earthquake Valparaíso, Chile 32°30′S 71°30′W / 32.5°S 71.5°W / -32.5; -71.5 9.1–9.3 Mw  Caused major tsunami [79]
September 30, 1730 10:00 Beijing, China 40°00′N 116°12′E / 40.0°N 116.2°E / 40.0; 116.2 100s 6.5 Mw  [80][81]
November 29, 1732 08:40 1732 Irpinia earthquake Irpinia, Italy 41°06′N 15°12′E / 41.1°N 15.2°E / 41.1; 15.2 1,940 6.6 Mw  [82]
October 17, 1737 03:00 1737 Kamchatka earthquake Kamchatka, Russia 52°30′N 159°30′E / 52.5°N 159.5°E / 52.5; 159.5 "many" 9.0–9.3 Mw  Caused major tsunami [83][84]
January 3, 1739 18:00 UTC 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo earthquake Ningxia, China 38°54′N 106°30′E / 38.9°N 106.5°E / 38.9; 106.5 50,000 7.1–7.6 Mw 
October 28, 1746 22:30 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake Lima and Callao, Peru 11°21′S 77°17′W / 11.35°S 77.28°W / -11.35; -77.28 5,941 8.6–8.8 Mw  [85]
May 25, 1751 01:00 1751 Concepción earthquake Concepción, Chile 36°48′S 73°00′W / 36.8°S 73.0°W / -36.8; -73.0 ~65 8.5 Caused major tsunami USGS
June 7, 1755 Northern Persia 34°00′N 51°30′E / 34.0°N 51.5°E / 34.0; 51.5 1,200-40,000 5.9 Mw  [81][86][87]
November 1, 1755 10:16 1755 Lisbon earthquake Lisbon, Portugal 36°00′N 11°00′W / 36.0°N 11.0°W / 36.0; -11.0 40,000-50,000 7.7–9.0 Mw  Also known as the "Great Lisbon earthquake"; caused major tsunami USGS
November 18, 1755 04:30 1755 Cape Ann earthquake Boston, Massachusetts, United States 42°42′N 70°18′W / 42.7°N 70.3°W / 42.7; -70.3 0 5.9 Mw  Largest earthquake in Massachusetts history [88][89]
November 27, 1755 1755 Meknes earthquake Fez and Meknes, Morocco 34°05′N 5°00′W / 34.08°N 5.0°W / 34.08; -5.0 15,000 6.5–7.0 Mw  [90][91]
October 30, 1759 04:00 1759 Near East earthquakes Safed, Israel 33°06′N 35°36′E / 33.1°N 35.6°E / 33.1; 35.6 2,000 6.6 Ms  First of two 1759 Near East earthquakes; considered a foreshock of November, 25, 1759 event (below) [13]
November 25, 1759 19:30 1759 Near East earthquakes Ottoman Syria 33°42′N 35°54′E / 33.7°N 35.9°E / 33.7; 35.9 ≤20,000 7.4 Ms  Second of two 1759 Near East earthquakes [13]
March 31, 1761 12:01 1761 Lisbon earthquake Lisbon, Portugal 34°30′N 13°00′W / 34.5°N 13.0°W / 34.5; -13.0 25 8.5 Ms  Caused tsunami
April 2, 1762 17:00 1762 Arakan earthquake Bay of Bengal[92] 22°00′N 92°00′E / 22.0°N 92.0°E / 22.0; 92.0 200+ 8.5–8.8 Mw  Caused tsunami [93]
June 28, 1763 05:28 1763 Komárom earthquake Komárom, Hungary 47°44′N 18°09′E / 47.73°N 18.15°E / 47.73; 18.15 83 6.2–6.5 Mw  [94]
May 22, 1766 05:10 1766 Istanbul earthquake Istanbul, Turkey 40°48′N 29°00′E / 40.8°N 29.0°E / 40.8; 29.0 4,000 7.1 Ms  [95]
October 21, 1766 04:30 1766 Southeastern Caribbean earthquake Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela 11°00′N 62°30′W / 11.0°N 62.5°W / 11.0; -62.5 6.5–7.5 Ms  Destroyed Spanish colonial capital of San Jose, Trinidad (now St. Joseph). [96][97]
June 3, 1770 19:15 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake Port-au-Prince, Haiti 18°15′N 72°28′W / 18.25°N 72.47°W / 18.25; -72.47 250+ 7.5 Mw  Caused tsunami [98]
July 29, 1773 1773 Guatemala earthquake Antigua Guatemala 14°36′N 90°42′W / 14.6°N 90.7°W / 14.6; -90.7 500–600 7.5 MI 
January 8, 1780 1780 Tabriz earthquake Tabriz, Iran 38°12′N 46°00′E / 38.2°N 46.0°E / 38.2; 46.0 50,000 7.4 Ms  [99][100]
February 4–5, 1783; March 28, 1783 12:00 1783 Calabrian earthquakes Calabria, Italy 38°46′N 15°58′E / 38.77°N 15.97°E / 38.77; 15.97 32,000-50,000 6.9 Mw  First in a sequence of five earthquakes ≥5.9 to hit Calabria in less than two months. [101]
June 1, 1786 04:00 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake Sichuan, China 29°54′N 102°00′E / 29.9°N 102.0°E / 29.9; 102.0 ~100,000 7.75 Mw  Triggered a landslide that blocked the Dadu river; the collapse of the dam during an aftershock and subsequent flood caused most of the casualties [102]
March 28, 1787 11:30 1787 New Spain earthquake Oaxaca, Mexico 16°30′N 98°30′W / 16.5°N 98.5°W / 16.5; -98.5 11+ 8.6 Mw 
February 4, 1797 12:30 1797 Riobamba earthquake Quito, Ecuador & Cuzco, Peru 1°36′S 78°36′W / 1.6°S 78.6°W / -1.6; -78.6 41,000 7.3 Mw  [103]
February 10, 1797 1797 Sumatra earthquake Sumatra, East Indies (now Indonesia) 1°00′S 99°00′E / 1.0°S 99.0°E / -1.0; 99.0 300 8.4 Mw  [104][105][106]

19th century

Date Time‡ Event Place Coordinates Fatalities Mag. Comments Sources
October 26, 1802 10:55 1802 Vrancea earthquake Vrancea region, Moldavia 45°43′N 26°43′E / 45.72°N 26.72°E / 45.72; 26.72 3 in Bucharest 7.9 Mw  [107][108]
February 16, 1810 22:15 1810 Crete earthquake Heraklion, Crete 35°30′N 25°36′E / 35.5°N 25.6°E / 35.5; 25.6 2,000 7.5 Mw  [109]
December 16, 1811 08:00 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes New Madrid, Missouri, United States 36°24′N 89°36′W / 36.4°N 89.6°W / 36.4; -89.6 8.1 MI  USGS
January 23, 1812 15:00 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes New Madrid, Missouri, United States 36°24′N 89°36′W / 36.4°N 89.6°W / 36.4; -89.6 7.8 MI  USGS
February 7, 1812 09:45 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes New Madrid, Missouri, United States 36°24′N 89°36′W / 36.4°N 89.6°W / 36.4; -89.6 8 MI  (Johnston, 1996) USGS
March 26, 1812 16:37 1812 Caracas earthquake Caracas, La Guaira, El Tocuyo, San Felipe, Barquisimeto, Mérida, La Victoria, Valencia, Venezuela 10°36′N 66°54′W / 10.6°N 66.9°W / 10.6; -66.9 15,000–20,000 7.7–8.0 Mw 
December 8, 1812 07:00 1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake Alta California 34°28′05″N 117°44′06″W / 34.468°N 117.735°W / 34.468; -117.735 40 6.9–7.5 Mw  Destroyed the "Great Stone Church" at Mission San Juan Capistrano
December 21, 1812 11:00 1812 Ventura earthquake Santa Barbara Channel, California, United States 34°12′N 119°54′W / 34.2°N 119.9°W / 34.2; -119.9 1–2 7.1–7.5 Mw  Southern California Earthquake Data Center
June 16, 1819 18:45–18:50 1819 Rann of Kutch earthquake Gujarat, India 23°00′N 71°00′E / 23.0°N 71.0°E / 23.0; 71.0 >1,543 7.7–8.2 Mw  Formed an 80 km long ridge, the Allah Bund ('Dam of God') [110]
June 2, 1823 08:00 South flank of Kīlauea, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii 19°18′N 155°00′W / 19.3°N 155.0°W / 19.3; -155.0 7 MI  (Klein and Wright, 2000) USGS
June, 1833 Kodiak Island, Ukamok Island, Tugidak Island, Barren Islands, Nushagak, Alaska, Nuchek, Alaska [111]
August 26, 1833 22:58 1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquake Himalayas, Nepal, India, Tibet 27°42′N 85°42′E / 27.7°N 85.7°E / 27.7; 85.7 ~500 7.6–7.9 Mw  [112]
November 25, 1833 22:00 1833 Sumatra earthquake Sumatra, Dutch East Indies 2°30′S 100°30′E / 2.5°S 100.5°E / -2.5; 100.5 "numerous victims" 8.8–9.2 Mw  Subsequent tsunami devastated the southwest coast of Sumatra from Pariaman to Bengkulu [104][106][113]
June 10, 1836 15:30 Alta California, Mexico 36°54′N 121°30′W / 36.9°N 121.5°W / 36.9; -121.5 6.5 MI  (Bakun, 1999) Reports probably refer to the 1838 San Andreas earthquake, misreported in 1868 following the Hayward earthquake of that year USGS[114]
January 1, 1837 16:00 1837 Galilee earthquake Galilee, Ottoman Syria 33°00′N 35°30′E / 33.0°N 35.5°E / 33.0; 35.5 6,000–7,000 >7.0 Ms  [13][115]
June 1838 1838 San Andreas earthquake Alta California, Mexico 37°18′N 122°09′W / 37.3°N 122.15°W / 37.3; -122.15 6.8-7.2 Mw  (Bakun, 1999) USGS
January 11, 1839 06:00 1839 Martinique earthquake Martinique, Lesser Antilles 14°30′N 60°30′W / 14.5°N 60.5°W / 14.5; -60.5 700–4,000 7.8–8.0 Mw  Severe damage in Martinique, and felt throughout most of the Lesser Antilles
March 23, 1839 04:00 1839 Ava earthquake Inwa, Burma 21°54′N 96°00′E / 21.9°N 96.0°E / 21.9; 96.0 300–500 8.1–8.2 Mw  Destroyed the city of Amarapura, Mandalay and the former capital Inwa. [116]
January 5, 1843 02:45 Marked Tree, Arkansas, United States 35°30′N 90°30′W / 35.5°N 90.5°W / 35.5; -90.5 6.3 MI  (Johnston, 1996) USGS
February 8, 1843 10:37 1843 Guadeloupe earthquake Guadeloupe 16°30′N 62°12′E / 16.5°N 62.2°E / 16.5; 62.2 1,500–5,000 8.5 Mw 
April 25, 1843 06:00 1843 Tokachi earthquake Hokkaido, Japan 42°00′N 146°00′E / 42.0°N 146.0°E / 42.0; 146.0 91 8.0 MS  Triggered large tsunami that affected the Pacific coast of Hokkaido and the Sanriku coast of Honshu [117]
May 8, 1847 1847 Zenkoji earthquake Nagano, Japan 36°42′N 138°12′E / 36.7°N 138.2°E / 36.7; 138.2 >8,600 7.4 MS  Around Zenkō-ji Temple [118]
November 26, 1852 1852 Banda Sea earthquake Banda Sea, Dutch East Indies 5°15′S 129°45′E / 5.25°S 129.75°E / -5.25; 129.75 60+ 7.5–8.8 Mw  Caused large tsunami
December 23, 1854 09:00 1854 Tōkai earthquake Honshu, Japan 34°00′N 137°48′E / 34.0°N 137.8°E / 34.0; 137.8 2,000 8.4 MS  Caused large tsunami [119]
December 24, 1854 16:00 1854 Nankai earthquake Honshu, Japan 33°00′N 135°00′E / 33.0°N 135.0°E / 33.0; 135.0 "thousands" 8.4 MS  Caused large tsunami [119]
January 23, 1855 21:11 1855 Wairarapa earthquake Wairarapa, New Zealand 41°12′S 175°12′E / 41.2°S 175.2°E / -41.2; 175.2 4 8.2 Mw  –
November 11, 1855 22:00 1855 Edo earthquake Edo, Japan 35°39′N 139°48′E / 35.65°N 139.8°E / 35.65; 139.8 7,000 7.0 Ms  10,000 houses destroyed in Edo 安政の大地震 in Japanese
October 12, 1856 02:38 or 02:45 1856 Heraklion earthquake Heraklion, Crete 35°30′N 26°00′E / 35.5°N 26.0°E / 35.5; 26.0 600+ 7.7–8.3 Mw  Widespread damage across the Eastern Mediterranean
January 9, 1857 16:24 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake Central and Southern California 35°42′N 120°18′W / 35.7°N 120.3°W / 35.7; -120.3 1 7.9 Mw  Along San Andreas Fault from Parkfield to Wrightwood with greatest damage in Fort Tejon; M (Grant and Sieh, 1993; Stein and Hanks, 1998) USGS
December 16, 1857 21:00 1857 Basilicata earthquake Naples, Italy 40°30′N 16°30′E / 40.5°N 16.5°E / 40.5; 16.5 11,000 6.9 MI  USGS
February 16, 1861 1861 Sumatra earthquake Sumatra, Dutch East Indies 1°00′N 97°30′E / 1.0°N 97.5°E / 1.0; 97.5 905 8.5 Mw  Caused large tsunami [120][121]
March 20, 1861 20:36 1861 Mendoza earthquake Mendoza Province, Argentina 32°32′S 68°32′W / 32.54°S 68.54°W / -32.54; -68.54 5,235 7.2 MS  INPRES
April 14, 1867 14:30 1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake Manhattan, Riley County, Kansas 39°12′N 96°18′W / 39.2°N 96.3°W / 39.2; -96.3 5.1 Mfa 
June 10, 1867 21:09 1867 Java earthquake Central Java, Dutch East Indies 8°42′S 110°36′E / 8.7°S 110.6°E / -8.7; 110.6 700 7.8 Mw 
November 18, 1867 18:45 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami Anegada Passage, between the British Virgin Islands and Danish West Indies (present-day US Virgin Islands) 18°12′N 65°00′W / 18.2°N 65.0°W / 18.2; -65.0 ~30 7.3–7.5 MS  Caused large tsunami NGDC
December 18, 1867 09:00 1867 Keelung earthquake New Taipei City, Taiwan 25°20′N 121°55′E / 25.34°N 121.91°E / 25.34; 121.91 580 7.0 Mw  Thought to be the only destructive tsunami (15 meters) in Taiwan.
April 3, 1868 02:25 1868 Hawaii earthquake Kau, Hawaii 19°12′N 155°30′W / 19.2°N 155.5°W / 19.2; -155.5 77 7.9 MI  (Klein and Wright, 2000) USGS
August 13, 1868 16:45 1868 Arica earthquake Arica, Chile 18°30′S 71°00′W / 18.5°S 71.0°W / -18.5; -71.0 25,000 8.5-9.3 Mw  Okal et al. (2006) gives upper end magnitude USGS
October 21, 1868 15:53 1868 Hayward earthquake Hayward, California, United States 37°42′N 122°06′W / 37.7°N 122.1°W / 37.7; -122.1 30 6.8 MI  (Bakun, 1999) Known as the "Great San Francisco earthquake" prior to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake USGS
May 10, 1877 21:16 1877 Iquique earthquake Iquique, Tarapacá Region and Antofagasta Region of Chile 19°36′S 70°12′W / 19.6°S 70.2°W / -19.6; -70.2 2,541 8.7–8.9 Mw  Caused large tsunami USGS
November 9, 1880 07:33 1880 Zagreb earthquake Zagreb, Croatia 45°54′N 16°06′E / 45.9°N 16.1°E / 45.9; 16.1 1 6.3 ML  [122]
April 3, 1881 13:40 1881 Chios earthquake Chios, Greece; Çeşme and Alaçatı, Turkey 38°15′N 26°15′E / 38.25°N 26.25°E / 38.25; 26.25 7,866 6.5 Mw  [123]
December 31, 1881 07:49 1881 Nicobar Islands earthquake Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India 9°15′N 92°42′E / 9.25°N 92.7°E / 9.25; 92.7 0 7.9 Mw  [124]
September 7, 1882 03:50 1882 Panama earthquake San Blas Islands, Panama 10°00′N 79°00′W / 10.0°N 79.0°W / 10.0; -79.0 250 7.9–8.3 Ms  Largest earthquake in Panamanian history [125]
December 25, 1884 21:08 1884 Andalusian earthquake Andalusia, Spain 36°58′N 4°04′W / 36.96°N 4.07°W / 36.96; -4.07 1,200 6.7 Mw 
August 27, 1886 23:27 1886 Peloponnese earthquake Messenia, Greece 37°06′N 21°30′E / 37.1°N 21.5°E / 37.1; 21.5 600 7.5 Mw  [126]
August 31, 1886 21:51 1886 Charleston earthquake Charleston, South Carolina, United States 32°54′N 80°00′W / 32.9°N 80.0°W / 32.9; -80.0 60 6.9–7.3 Mw  (Johnston, 1996) Believed to be the largest earthquake ever to strike the east coast USGS
February 23, 1887 06:30 1887 Liguria earthquake Liguria, Italy 43°53′N 8°02′E / 43.88°N 8.03°E / 43.88; 8.03 600–3,000 6.8–6.9 Mw  Severe damage along the Ligurian coast, causing town of Bussana Vecchia to be abandoned [127][128]
September 1, 1888 04:10 1888 North Canterbury earthquake Canterbury Region, New Zealand 42°36′S 172°24′E / 42.6°S 172.4°E / -42.6; 172.4 7.0–7.3 Mw  –
July 28, 1889 23:40 1889 Kumamoto earthquake Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan 32°48′N 130°42′E / 32.8°N 130.7°E / 32.8; 130.7 20 6.3 Mw  [14]
October 27, 1891 06:38 1891 Mino–Owari earthquake Mino Province and Owari Province, Japan 35°36′N 136°36′E / 35.6°N 136.6°E / 35.6; 136.6 7,273 8 Ms  USGS
April 19, 1892 02:50 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes Vacaville, California, United States 38°24′N 122°00′W / 38.4°N 122.0°W / 38.4; -122.0 1 6.4 M (Bakun, 1999) USGS
April 21, 1892 09:43 1892 Vacaville–Winters earthquakes Winters, California, United States 38°24′N 122°00′W / 38.4°N 122.0°W / 38.4; -122.0 6.2 M (Bakun, 1999) USGS
November 17, 1893 19:30 1893 Quchan earthquake Quchan, Iran 37°12′N 58°24′E / 37.2°N 58.4°E / 37.2; 58.4 18,000 6.6 Ms  [129]
October 31, 1895 11:08 Charleston, Missouri, United States 37°00′N 89°24′W / 37.0°N 89.4°W / 37.0; -89.4 6.6 MI  (Johnston, 1996) USGS
June 15, 1896 19:32 1896 Sanriku earthquake Iwate Prefecture, Japan 39°30′N 144°00′E / 39.5°N 144.0°E / 39.5; 144.0 22,000+ 8.5 Mw  Caused large tsunamis USGS
August 31, 1896 17:06 1896 Rikuu earthquake Akita Prefecture and Iwate Prefecture, Japan 39°30′N 140°42′E / 39.5°N 140.7°E / 39.5; 140.7 209 7.2 M
June 12, 1897 11:06 Assam, India 26°00′N 91°00′E / 26.0°N 91.0°E / 26.0; 91.0 1,500 8.3 USGS
September 20, 1897 19:06 UTC 1897 Mindanao earthquakes Mindanao, Philippines 6°00′N 122°00′E / 6.0°N 122.0°E / 6.0; 122.0 7.4 Ms  [130][131]
September 21, 1897 05:12 UTC 1897 Mindanao earthquakes Mindanao, Philippines 6°00′N 122°00′E / 6.0°N 122.0°E / 6.0; 122.0 13+ 7.5 Ms  Caused large tsunami [130][131]
September 4, 1899 00:22 Cape Yakataga, Alaska, United States 60°00′N 142°00′W / 60.0°N 142.0°W / 60.0; -142.0 7.9 Ms  USGS
September 10, 1899 21:41 Yakutat Bay, Alaska, United States 60°00′N 142°00′W / 60.0°N 142.0°W / 60.0; -142.0 8 Ms  USGS
September 20, 1899 04:00 1899 Aydın–Denizli earthquake Aydın Province and Denizli Province, Turkey 37°54′N 28°06′E / 37.9°N 28.1°E / 37.9; 28.1 1,117 6.5-7.1 Mw  NGDC
October 9, 1900 12:28 Kodiak Island, Alaska, United States 57°06′N 153°30′W / 57.1°N 153.5°W / 57.1; -153.5 7.7 Ms  USGS
October 28, 1900 04:30 1900 San Narciso earthquake Cariaco Basin, Venezuela 11°00′N 66°00′W / 11.0°N 66.0°W / 11.0; -66.0 140 7.6-7.7 Mw  USGS

See also

References

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