Holoshesthes
| Holoshesthes | |
|---|---|
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| Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Characidae |
| Subfamily: | Cheirodontinae |
| Genus: | Holoshesthes C. H. Eigenmann, 1903[2] |
| Species: | H. pequira
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| Binomial name | |
| Holoshesthes pequira (Steindachner, 1882)[2]
| |
| Synonyms[2][3] | |
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Genus
Species
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Holoshesthes is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae.[2] The only species in this genus is Holoshesthes pequira, a characin, found in South America.
Taxonomy
Holoshesthes was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1903 by the German-born American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann, with Chirodon pequira designated as its type species. Eigenmann later emended this to Holesthes, but this is now regarded as an unjustified emendation under Article 32.5 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.[2] Chirodon pequira was first formally described in 1882 by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner, with its type locality given as the Guaporé River in the Amazon basin of Brazil.[3] Some authorities regard this taxon as being within the genus Odontostilbe.[4] This taxon is classified in the subfamily Cheirodontinae,[2] which is classified within the family Characidae in the order Characiformes.[5]
Etymology
Holoshesthes combines hólos, meaning "whole" or "entire", and esthḗs, which means "dress", "clothing" or "raiment", a reference to the maxillaries having teeth along its entire edge, so it is "clothed in teeth". The specific name, pequira, was not explained by Steindachner, but it may be a local name used for this fish in Brazil. This was first used by Johann Natterer as Salmo pequira for a museum specimen. Natterer collected the holotype of this species.[6]
Description
Holoshesthes pequira has a maximum standard length of 5.6 cm (2.2 in).[7]
Distribution and habitat
Holoshesthes pequira has a wide distribution in the Southern Cone of South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Paraguay River, the lower Paraná River and the Uruguay River in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. These fish prefer shallow, eutrophic parts of rivers and streams. They are also found in lakes on the floodplains.[1]
References
- ^ a b Lima, F. (2023). "Odontostilbe pequira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T186607A1815662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T186607A1815662.en. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Cheirodontinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ^ a b Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Holoshesthes". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ^ Toledo-Piza, M.; E. G. Baena; F. C. P. Dagosta; et al. (2024). "Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 22 (1 e230086): 1–548. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0086. lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3A8C03AC-C66B-49B5-9269-E9A26ABA7EBF.
- ^ Richard van der Laan & Ronald Fricke (eds.). "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (31 August 2025). "Family CHARACIDAE: Subfamily CHEIRODONTINAE Eigenmann 1915 (Cheirodontines)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Odontostilbe pequira". FishBase. April 2025 version.