Inyan Kara Mountain
Inyan Kara Mountain | |
 | |
   | |
| Nearest city | Sundance, Wyoming |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 44°12′45″N 104°20′40″W / 44.21250°N 104.34444°W |
| Area | 480 acres (190 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001929[1] |
| Added to NRHP | April 24, 1973 |
| Inyan Kara Mountain | |
|---|---|
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 6,368 feet (1,941 m) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Wyoming, US |
| Parent range | Bear Lodge Mountains, part of the Black Hills |
| Topo map | USGS Black Hills |
Inyan Kara Mountain (Lakota: Íŋyaŋ Káǧa, Rock Gatherer[2]) is a mountain associated with the Bear Lodge Mountains of Crook County, Wyoming, (part of the Black Hills) that is considered sacred by the Lakota people, particularly for mothers in childbirth. Inyan Kara stands apart from the main body of the Black Hills, with an elevation of 6,368 feet (1,941 m). The mountain was stated to rumble on quiet days by the local Native Americans and by early explorers. No mention of the noises is found after 1833; the noise has been attributed to gas escaping from burning coal seams.[3]
The peak was visited by George Armstrong Custer during Custer's 1874 Black Hills Expedition, reaching the summit on July 23.[3]
The peak was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.[1]
Geology
The mountain is a prominent "structural dome" and igneous intrusion, composed of a light-colored syenite porphyry or alkali rhyolite, which was emplaced as a small laccolith during the Eocene Epoch. This igneous activity occurred approximately 50 to 58 million years ago, as part of the broader volcanic event that formed other nearby landmarks such as Devils Tower and the Missouri Buttes. Magma did not reach the surface, but instead pushed up the existing sedimentary rocks, creating the dome that is 1.5 miles (2 km) across.[4] The intrusion pushed through roughly 4,000 feet of sedimentary rock, spanning in age from the Mississippian Age, to the Cretaceous. The oldest rocks are Pahasapa Limestone. This is overlain by Minnelusa, Opeche, Minnekahta, and red shale from the Spearfish Formation.[5][6]
Photo gallery
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Inyan Kara, altitude 6,000 feet., a stereoscopic photograph from 1874 by William H. Illingworth -
The Black Hills from the summit of Inyan Kara -
The prairie surrounding the Black Hills from the summit of Inyan Kara
References
- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ "American Indian Sacred Sites". Black Hills National Forest. U.S. Forest Service. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
- ^ a b Junge, Mark (1971). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Inyan Kara Mountain". National Park Service. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Geology of the Inyan Kara Mountain quadrangle, Crook and Weston Counties, Wyoming". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "Stop #7: Spearfish Formation / Inyan Kara Group". National Park Service.
- ^ "Wyoming Geologic Highway Map" (PDF). Wyoming State Geological Survey.
External links
- Inyan Kara Mountain at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
- Inyan Kara Mountain at Black Hills National Forest
- Penry, Jerry. "Sacred Mountain—Climbing Inyan Kara" American Surveyor, The. Vol. 10, Issue 10, 27 September 2013
