Labor Party (Mexico)

Labor Party
Partido del Trabajo
AbbreviationPT
LeaderAlberto Anaya
Founded8 December 1990 (1990-12-08)
HeadquartersMexico City
Membership (2023)457,624[1]
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing[10] to far-left[14]
National affiliationSigamos Haciendo Historia
Continental affiliation
Colours  Red
  Yellow
Chamber of Deputies 
49 / 500
Senate
6 / 128
Governorships
0 / 32
State legislatures
88 / 1,123
Website
Party website

The Labor Party (Spanish: Partido del Trabajo [paɾˈtiðo ðel tɾaˈβaxo], PT; also known as the Workers Party) is a socialist political party in Mexico. It was founded on 8 December 1990. The party is currently led by Alberto Anaya.

Following the 2018 election, the PT became the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies with 61 deputies, after Morena with 191 and the PAN with 81. Political maneuvering briefly established the PRI as the third-largest party in August 2020, although it later turned out that the PT and the PRI were tied with 46 seats each after doubtful PRD deputy defections in favor of the PRI.[15][16][17]

It received 6.46% of the total votes cast in the 2024 presidential election,[18] becoming the sixth national political force. It has 49 deputies and 6 senators in the LXVI legislature of the Congress of the Union.[19][20]

History

Foundation

Early history

Following the coordination of several social groups, including the Independent Teachers' Movement, the National Union of Agricultural Workers (UNTA), the National Coordinator "Plan de Ayala," the Popular Front of Struggle of Zacatecas, the Popular Front "Tierra y Libertad" of Monterrey, the Popular Defense Committees of Durango and Chihuahua, and the Popular Union of Agricultural Workers, the PT formed.[21]

National Executive Committee's offices of the Labor Party, located at Avenida Cuauhtemoc 47 in Mexico City.

The party first participated in federal elections in 1991, but it failed to win 1.5 percent of the vote (the amount necessary to be recognized as a national party). In 1994, Cecilia Soto became the presidential candidate.

1998–2006

In 1998 the PT allied with the larger Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) for the first time in the state of Zacatecas. In the 2000 elections, the party took part in the PRD-led Alliance for the Good of All. As part of the Alliance, it won 7 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 1 seat in the Senate.

The PT ran separately from the PRD in the 2003 elections for the Chamber of Deputies. The party won 2.4 percent of the popular vote and 6 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

In November 2005, the PT endorsed the PRD's candidate for President, Andrés Manuel López Obrador for the July 2006 elections. In these elections the party won 12 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 3 out of 128 Senators.

In October 2006, the PT further allied itself with the PRD and the Convergence Party to form the Broad Progressive Front (FAP for its Spanish initials), which was granted the register by the Federal Electoral Institute.

2012 Mexican general election

In 2012 the PT supported PRD presidential candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador.

2018 Mexican general election

See also: Opinion polling for the 2018 Mexican general election

The 2018 general election was the fifth presidential election PT had participated in. Its candidate for the Presidency was Andrés Manuel López Obrador[22] as PT formed a coalition with left-wing National Regeneration Movement (MORENA) and right-wing Social Encounter Party (PES).

Background

On 24 June 2017, the PT approved to stand for election in 2018 in an electoral alliance with MORENA, however the coalition was not registered with the National Electoral Institute, the electoral authorities of the country. From MORENA, the alliance was facilitated as a result of the decline of the PT candidate Óscar González Yáñez, who resigned his candidacy requesting the vote in favor of Delfina Gómez Álvarez, standard-bearer in the state elections of the State of Mexico in 2017.[23][24][25]

At first, there was speculation about the possibility of a front grouping all the leftist parties: MORENA, PRD, PT and Citizens' Movement (MC). However, Andrés Manuel López Obrador rejected any kind of agreement due to political differences, especially after the elections in the State of Mexico, when the candidates of the PRD and MC continued with their campaigns refusing to support the candidate of MORENA.[26] At the end of November 2017, the leaders of MORENA and the PES announced that they were in talks to form a possible alliance. In this sense, Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes, President of PES, said, "We don't negotiate with the PRI, we have two options, go alone or with MORENA."[27]

Confirmation

On December 13, the coalition between Morena, the PT and the PES was formalized under the name Juntos Haremos Historia (English: Together we will make history).[28] Following the signing of the agreement, Andrés Manuel López Obrador was appointed as a pre-candidate for the three political formations.[29] It is a partial coalition that will promote López Obrador as a presidential candidate and, with respect to the legislative elections: MORENA will have to choose candidates in 150 federal electoral districts and 32 districts to the Senate; 75 deputies and 16 senators for PT and 75 deputies and 16 senators for the PES.[30][31]

The alliance has received criticism as it is a coalition between two leftist parties (MORENA and the PT) with a formation related to the evangelical right (PES).[32] In response, the national president of MORENA, Yeidckol Polevnsky, mentioned that her party believes in inclusion, joint work to "rescue Mexico" and that they will continue to defend human rights,[33] while Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes, national president of the PES, mentioned that "the only possibility of real change in our country is the one headed by Andrés Manuel López Obrador" and that his party had decided to put "on the right side of history."[34]

Platform and ideology

Founded in 1990 through the union of several grassroots social organizations (such as the Committees of Popular Defense), the PT’s founding ideology is rooted in socialism and laborism. In its original statutes, it defined itself as a "mass organization" aiming to overcome capitalism through social justice and popular power.[35]

Historically, it was influenced by Maoism adapted to the Mexican context (community-based organizing).[36][37][38] Since the 2000s, the party has moved closer to 21st-century socialism. It maintains international ties with left-wing governments in Latin America (such as Cuba and Venezuela) and is an active member of the São Paulo Forum and the International Seminar "Parties and a New Society."

The current platform seeks to maintain the policies of the so-called "4T", these policies include, deepen federalism, and decentralize federal government duties. It encourages a socialist market economy as an alternative to neo-liberalism. It advocates for judicial reform, including the election of ministers by popular vote. Through its relationships with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, it aims to advance Latin Americanism in international politics; Furthermore, recognize the State of Palestine formally.[35]

Despite its left-wing platform, the PT has demonstrated significant electoral pragmatism by nominating external candidates who do not always adhere to its programmatic guidelines. Historically, the party has formed local alliances with right-wing forces, such as the National Action Party (PAN), in states like Oaxaca (2010 and 2016), Puebla, and Baja California. These coalitions, often framed as "anti-establishment" strategies to defeat the incumbent party, have sparked internal criticism and debates regarding the party's ideological consistency versus its goals for institutional survival and maintaining its legal registration.[39]

Election results

Presidential elections

Election year Candidate # votes % vote Result Note
1994 Cecilia Soto González 970,121 2.75 Red XN Defeated
2000 N/A support PRD Candidate;

Coalition: Alliance for Mexico

2006 Andrés Manuel López Obrador (PRD) support PRD Candidate;

Coalition: Coalition for the Good of All

2012 support PRD Candidate;

Coalition: Broad Progressive Front

2018 Andrés Manuel López Obrador (MORENA) 24,127,451 52.96 Green tickY Won support MORENA Candidate;

Coalition: Juntos Haremos Historia

2024 Claudia Sheinbaum (MORENA) 35,924,519 61.18 Green tickY Won support MORENA Candidate;

Coalition: Sigamos Haciendo Historia

Congressional elections

Chamber of Deputies

Election year Constituency PR # of seats Position Presidency Note
votes % votes %
1994 896,426 2.7 909,251 2.7
10 / 500
 Minority Ernesto Zedillo
1997 748,869 2.6 756,125 2.6
7 / 500
2000 see: Party of the Democratic Revolution
7 / 500
 Vicente Fox Coalition: Alliance for Mexico
2003 640,724 2.5 642,290 2.5
6 / 500
2006 see: Party of the Democratic Revolution
12 / 500
 Felipe Calderón Coalition: Coalition for the Good of All
2009 1,264,210 3.7 1,268,125 3.7
13 / 500
2012 77,233 0.01 2,219,228 4.55
15 / 500
 Enrique Peña Nieto Coalition: Broad Progressive Front
2015 665,597 1.76 1,134,439 2.84
6 / 500
2018 51,260 0.09 2,164,442 3.82
61 / 500
 Majority Andrés Manuel López Obrador Coalition: Juntos Haremos Historia
2021 538,832 1.10 1,594,828 3.24
38 / 500
 Coalition: Juntos Hacemos Historia
2024 507,604 0.89 3,254,718 5.68
51 / 500
 Claudia Sheinbaum Coalition: Sigamos Haciendo Historia

Due to a number of party changes among legislators, in September 2020 the PT became tied for the third-largest political party in the Chamber of Deputies, after Morena and the PAN, but tied with the PRI, with 34 seats each.[40]

Senate elections

Election year Constituency PR # of seats Position Presidency Note
votes % votes %
1994 977,072 2.9
0 / 128
 Minority Ernesto Zedillo
1997 745,881 2.6
1 / 128
2000 see: Party of the Democratic Revolution
1 / 128
 Vicente Fox Coalition: Alliance for Mexico
2006 see: Party of the Democratic Revolution
0 / 128
 Felipe Calderón Coalition: Coalition for the Good of All
2012 2,339,923 4.9
4 / 128
 Enrique Peña Nieto Coalition: Broad Progressive Front
2018 2,164,442 3.82
6 / 128
 Andrés Manuel López Obrador Coalition: Juntos Haremos Historia
2024 1,215,172 2.13 3,214,708 5.58
9 / 128
 Majority Claudia Sheinbaum Coalition: Sigamos Haciendo Historia

References

  1. ^ "Padrón de afiliados".
  2. ^ Bolívar Meza, Rosendo (April 2011). "El Partido del Trabajo: su política de alianzas a partir de 2006". Estudios políticos (México) (in Spanish) (22): 173–208. ISSN 0185-1616. Dentro de sus principios organizativos, el PT se concibe como un partido plural, tolerante, con libertad de pensamiento y opinión, que admite en su interior la divergencia de opiniones sin que nadie resulte perjudicado por exponer sus puntos de vista, pero que a la vez no permite la conformación de organismos paralelos.5 Plantea luchar por una sociedad socialista, plural, democrática, autogestionaria y humana [Within its organizational principles, the PT is conceived as a plural, tolerant party, with freedom of thought and opinion, which admits within itself the divergence of opinions without anyone being harmed by expressing their points of view, but which at the same time does not allow the formation of parallel organizations.5 It proposes to fight for a socialist, plural, democratic, self-managed and humane society.]
  3. ^ Beauregard, Luis Pablo (2018-07-02). "El derrumbe del régimen". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2025-02-10. El Partido del Trabajo, de tendencia socialista y con guiños de simpatía al régimen de Corea del Norte, duplicará su presencia en el Congreso y podría rozar los 60 políticos en la cámara baja. [The Workers' Party, a socialist party with a sympathetic bent towards the North Korean regime, will double its presence in Congress and could reach nearly 60 politicians in the lower house.]
  4. ^ Alire Garcia, David (16 December 2017). "Mexico presidential race roiled as leftist front-runner embraces right wing party". Reuters. The coalition is led by Lopez Obrador's left-of-center MORENA party and also includes the socialist-leaning Labor Party.
  5. ^ [2][3][4]
  6. ^ a b Melgosa Hervas, Maria del Rocio (2019). "The quinoa boom". Center for Global Affairs & Strategic Studies. University of Navarra. Retrieved 2025-04-23. The PT is a left-wing party that is quite aligned with the Latin American political doctrine of the so-called Socialism of the 21st Century.
  7. ^ Lunz, Kristina (2023-09-05). The Future of Foreign Policy Is Feminist. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-5784-4. The current president of Mexico, López Obrador (AMLO), came to power because he was supported both by traditionally left-wing parties such as the Partido del Trabajo and by the evangelical, anti-gender party Encuentro Social.
  8. ^ López Domínguez, Porfirio Miguel (2019). "Los partidos políticos en México: una revisión mínima de la posrevolución a la actualidad". Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales (11 (noviembre)): 31. ISSN 1988-7833. El PT identificado con movimientos populares de izquierda en zonas regionales muy delimitadas del país y el PVE sustentado sus campañas en medios electrónicos dirigidas a un electorado urbano y a diferencia de los partidos verdes europeos se ha identificado con la derecha, siendo aliado a veces del PAN y a veces del PRI. [The PT identified with popular left-wing movements in very specific regional areas of the country and the PVE based its campaigns on electronic media aimed at an urban electorate and, unlike the European green parties, has identified with the right, sometimes being an ally of the PAN and sometimes of the PRI.]
  9. ^ Arredondo, Armando Ojeda (2017-03-20). "Cartelera panorámica de propaganda política de elecciones federales 2015 en Ciudad Juárez, México, con fotografías analizadas desde el visual framing". RICSH Revista Iberoamericana de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas (in Spanish). 6 (11). ISSN 2395-7972. En el análisis de la muestra de espectaculares fotografías de los candidatos a diputados federales, se encontró que contendieron 10 partidos políticos, los cuales muestransu nombre, sus siglas y su posición ideológica. Estos fueron: Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) (Centro, Centro derecha); Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) (Derecha, Centro derecha); Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD) (Centroizquierda); Movimiento Regeneración Nacional (MORENA)(Izquierda); Partido Verde Ecologista de México (PVEM) (Derecha); Movimiento Ciudadano (MC) (Centroizquierda); Nueva Alianza (PANAL) (Centro, Centroderecha); Partido del Trabajo (PT) (Izquierda); Partido Encuentro Social (PES) (Derecha, Centroderecha); Partido Humanista (PH) (No tiene una posición definida)
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  11. ^ Hanrahan, Brían; Aroch Fugellie, Paulina (2019-01-02). "Reflections on the Transformation in Mexico". Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies. 28 (1): 113–137. doi:10.1080/13569325.2019.1608517. ISSN 1356-9325. Compared to others in the Pink Tide, Morena's political contours have at times been difficult to discern, and not only because of its odd-bedfellows electoral coalition with two smaller formations, one on the religious right (Partido Encuentro Social), the other on the far left (Partido del Trabajo).
  12. ^ Montes, Juan (2018-07-05). "Mexico's New President-elect Close to Supermajority in Congress". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2025-02-10. Mr. López Obrador's broad coalition, formed by his own Movement for National Regeneration, the far-left Labor Party and the conservative Social Encounter party, got 307 out of 500 representatives in the Lower House and 68 out of 128 senators, according to estimates by the electoral agency with 94% of the vote counted.
  13. ^ "Political parties sign civility agreement for Mexico City". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-02-10. Despite the left National Regeneration Party (MORENA), conservative Social Encounter Party (PES), and far-left Labor Party (PT) were also invited, none of the parties representatives attended.
  14. ^ [11][12][13]
  15. ^ "Presta PRD un ratito a sus diputados al PRI". September 2020.
  16. ^ "El PT tiene derecho de buscar presidir la Mesa Directiva de la Cámara de Diputados: Fernández Noroña". 31 August 2020.
  17. ^ "Suave matria. Defensa de Noroña, defensa de la Cuarta Transformación - Sonora Inclusiva". sonorainclusiva.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-21.
  18. ^ "Cómputos 2024".
  19. ^ Cámara de Diputados (2024-09-01). "Integrantes de la LXVI Legislatura". Retrieved 2024-12-21.
  20. ^ Senado de México (2024-09-01). "Por Grupo Parlamentario". Retrieved 2024-12-21.
  21. ^ "En peligro, 30 años de diputaciones de los Aguilar en el PT". La Crónica de Chihuahua. Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  22. ^ "AMLO, candidato del PT a la Presidencia". www.milenio.com. 19 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  23. ^ Digital, Milenio. "PT acuerda ir con Morena por la Presidencia en el 2018". Milenio. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  24. ^ "Aprueba PT coalición con Morena en elecciones de 2018". SDPnoticias.com. 25 June 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  25. ^ "PRD avala "frente amplio" en 2018; PT se va con Morena (Documento)". aristeguinoticias.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  26. ^ "Prd amlo alianza 2018". www.animalpolitico.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  27. ^ "No negociaremos con el PRI; vamos solos o con Morena: PES". Excélsior. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  28. ^ "Partido del Trabajo y Encuentro Social anuncian coalición con Morena". Expansión. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  29. ^ Nación321 (13 December 2017). "Morena y Encuentro Social oficializan su unión rumbo a 2018". Retrieved 13 December 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ Redacción (13 December 2017). "Morena, PT y Encuentro Social firman coalición rumbo a elección de 2018". El Financiero. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  31. ^ Zavala, Misael (13 December 2017). "Firman acuerdo Morena, PES y PT para ir en coalición". El Universal. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  32. ^ Camhaji, Elías (13 December 2017). "López Obrador se alía con el conservador Encuentro Social para las elecciones de 2018". El País. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  33. ^ "En Morena creemos en la inclusión: Yeidckol ante las críticas por alianza con el PES". El Financiero Bloomberg. 13 December 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 14 December 2017 – via YouTube.
  34. ^ "La única opción para cambiar el país es la que encabeza AMLO: Hugo Eric Flores". El Financiero Bloomberg. 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12. Retrieved 14 December 2017 – via YouTube.
  35. ^ a b "PARTIDO DEL TRABAJO PLATAFORMA ELECTORAL Y PROGRAMA DE GOBIERNO 2024-2030" (PDF). www.ine.mx. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  36. ^ "Presta PRD un ratito a sus diputados al PRI". September 2020.
  37. ^ "El PT tiene derecho de buscar presidir la Mesa Directiva de la Cámara de Diputados: Fernández Noroña". 31 August 2020.
  38. ^ "Suave matria. Defensa de Noroña, defensa de la Cuarta Transformación - Sonora Inclusiva". sonorainclusiva.com. Archived from the original on 2020-10-21.
  39. ^ "Ratifica PAN alianza en Oaxaca con PRD, PT y Convergencia". El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento (in Mexican Spanish). 2010-10-02. Retrieved 2026-01-11.
  40. ^ "Insiste Partido del Trabajo en su postura de dirigir los destinos en San Lázaro". Notisistema (in European Spanish). 1 Sep 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
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