List of chancellors of Austria

Portrait of Renner (1905)
Dollfuss pictured as Kaiserschütze (1933)
Kreisky at an elections campaign (1983)
Left to right, top to bottom:

The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of Austria, appointed by the president and viewed as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice-chancellor and the ministers.[2]

Following World War I, the office was established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 and named state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allied powers forbade German-Austria to merge with the Weimar Republic,[3] the country formed the federal First Austrian Republic and the office was renamed from state chancellor to federal chancellor. The first federal chancellor was Michael Mayr. Ten chancellors served under the First Republic until Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss created the authoritarian and dictatorial Federal State of Austria.[4] Following Dollfuss's assassination by Austrian National Socialists,[5] Kurt Schuschnigg succeeded him as chancellor and upheld the dictatorship.[6] Schuschnigg was replaced by Arthur Seyss-Inquart, a Nazi caretaker who held the office for two days, until Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany.[7]

Austria under National Socialism lost its original republican system of government and was administered by Reichsstatthalter Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1938–1939), Reichskommissar Josef Bürckel[8] (1939–1940), and Reichsstatthalter Baldur von Schirach[9] (1940–1945). In 1940, the country was renamed Ostmark, completely lost its autonomy, and became a sub-national division of Nazi Germany.[10][11] After the liberation of Vienna and the capitulation of Nazi Germany in 1945, Austria restored its republican form of government.[12] However, Austria remained under allied occupation until 1955[13] and thus the country's sovereignty was ultimately still held by the Allied Control Council.

Since the institution of the republic, the People's Party and the Social Democratic Party have largely dominated Austrian politics; the People's Party (and its predecessor, the Christian Social Party) have led nineteen cabinets and served as a junior partner in eight, while the Social Democratic Party (formerly the Social Democratic Workers' Party) has led eleven and served as a junior partner in five. There have been eight parties that never held the chancellorship but participated in coalition cabinets: the Greater German People's Party in five, the Freedom Party and the Landbund in four, the Fatherland Front in two, and the Greens, the Alliance for the Future, the Communist Party and the NEOS in one.

Following a legislative election or in the case of a vacancy, the president conventionally picks the leader of the largest party in Parliament to serve as chancellor, and appoints the remaining members of the Cabinet based on the chancellor's recommendation. If a sitting chancellor dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to exercise the powers and duties of the office, the vice-chancellor becomes acting chancellor. If the vice-chancellor is unavailable, the other members of the Cabinet take over in order of seniority.[14]

Bruno Kreisky was the longest-serving chancellor, with more than thirteen years in office, while Arthur Seyss-Inquart was the shortest-serving chancellor, with two days in office, and Walter Breisky was the shortest-serving acting chancellor, with only one day in office.

Chancellors

‡ Acting chancellors
Key to parties
  Austrian People's Party / Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP)
  •   1891–1934: Christian Social Party / Christlichsoziale Partei (CS)
  •   2017–present: New People's Party / Neue Volkspartei
  Social Democratic Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ)
  •   1889–1934: Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria / Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs (SDAPÖ)
  Freedom Party of Austria / Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ)
  Alliance for the Future of Austria / Bündnis Zukunft Österreich (BZÖ)
  Communist Party of Austria / Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ)
  The Greens / die Grünen
  Independent / unabhängig
Key to historical parties
  1920–1934: Greater German People's Party / Großdeutsche Volkspartei (GDVP)
  1922–1934: Rural Federation / Landbund (LBd)
  1920–1936: Homeland Guard / Heimwehr
  1933–1938: Fatherland Front / Vaterländische Front (VF)
  1920–1945: National Socialist German Worker's Party / Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP)
No. Portrait Name
(born–died) 		Term of office Party Elected Cabinet
coalition 		Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Karl Renner[a][b]
(1870–1950) 		30 October 1918 7 July 1920 1 year, 251 days SDAPÖ 1919 Renner I–II–III
• SDAPÖ • CS • GDVP 		[15][16][17]
2 Michael Mayr[c]
(1864–1922) 		7 July 1920 21 June 1921 349 days CS 1920 Mayr I–II
• CS • SDAPÖ 		[18]
3 Johannes Schober
(1874–1932) 		21 June 1921 26 January 1922 344 days IND – Schober I
• CS • GDVP • Technocrats 		[19]
– Walter Breisky
(1871–1944)
‡ 		26 January 1922 27 January 1922 1 day CS – Breisky
• CS • GDVP 		[20]
(3) Johannes Schober
(1874–1932) 		27 January 1922 31 May 1922 124 days IND – Schober II
• CS • GDVP • Technocrats 		[21]
4 Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932) 		31 May 1922 20 November 1924 2 years, 173 days CS 1923 Seipel I–II–III
• CS • GDVP • Technocrats 		[22]
5 Rudolf Ramek
(1881–1941) 		20 November 1924 20 October 1926 1 year, 334 days CS – Ramek I–II
• CS • GDVP 		[23]
(4) Ignaz Seipel
(1876–1932) 		20 October 1926 4 May 1929 2 years, 196 days CS 1927 Seipel IV–V
• CS • GDVP • LBd 		[22]
6 Ernst Streeruwitz
(1874–1952) 		4 May 1929 26 September 1929 145 days CS – Streeruwitz
• CS • LBd 		[24]
(3) Johannes Schober
(1874–1932) 		26 September 1929 30 September 1930 1 year, 4 days IND – Schober III
• CS 		[19]
7 Carl Vaugoin
(1873–1949) 		30 September 1930 4 December 1930 65 days CS – Vaugoin
• CS 		[25]
8 Otto Ender
(1875–1960) 		4 December 1930 20 June 1931 198 days CS 1930 Ender
• CS 		[26]
9 Karl Buresch
(1878–1936) 		20 June 1931 20 May 1932 335 days CS – Buresch I–II
• CS • LBd 		[27]
10 Engelbert Dollfuss
(1892–1934) 		20 May 1932 25 July 1934 † 2 years, 66 days CS – Dollfuss I
• CS • LBd • Heimwehr
20 May 1932 – 1 May 1934

Dollfuss II
• VF
1 May 1934 – 25 July 1934 		[28]
VF
– Prince
Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg
(1899–1956)
‡ 		25 July 1934 29 July 1934 4 days VF – Dollfuss II
• VF 		[29]
11 Kurt Schuschnigg
(1897–1977) 		29 July 1934 11 March 1938 3 years, 225 days VF – Schuschnigg I–II–III–IV–V
• VF 		[30]
12 Arthur Seyss-Inquart
(1892–1946) 		11 March 1938 13 March 1938 2 days NSDAP – Seyss-Inquart
• NSDAP 		[31][32]
Austria was part of Nazi Germany from 13 March 1938 to 27 April 1945
(1) Karl Renner[d]
(14 December 1870 – 31 December 1950) 		27 April 1945 20 December 1945 237 days
(5 years, 11 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ – Renner IV
• SPÖ • ÖVP • KPÖ 		[33][34][35]
13 Leopold Figl
(2 October 1902 – 9 May 1965) 		20 December 1945 2 April 1953 7 years, 103 days
(12 years, 37 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP 1945 Figl I–II–III
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[36]
1949
14 Julius Raab
(29 November 1891 – 8 January 1964) 		2 April 1953 11 April 1961 8 years, 9 days
(2 years, 272 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP 1953 Raab I–II–III–IV
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[37]
1956
1959
15 Alfons Gorbach
(2 September 1898 – 31 July 1972) 		11 April 1961 2 April 1964 2 years, 357 days
(8 years, 120 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP 1962 Gorbach I–II
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[38]
16 Josef Klaus
(15 August 1910 – 25 July 2001) 		2 April 1964 21 April 1970 6 years, 19 days
(31 years, 95 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP – Klaus I
• ÖVP • SPÖ 		[39]
1966 Klaus II
• ÖVP
17 Bruno Kreisky
(22 January 1911 – 29 July 1990) 		21 April 1970 24 May 1983 13 years, 33 days
(7 years, 66 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ 1970 Kreisky I–II–III–IV
• SPÖ 		[40]
1971
1975
1979
18 Fred Sinowatz
(5 February 1929 – 11 August 2008) 		24 May 1983 16 June 1986 3 years, 23 days
(22 years, 56 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ 1983 Sinowatz
• SPÖ • FPÖ 		[41]
19 Franz Vranitzky
(born 4 October 1937) 		16 June 1986 28 January 1997 10 years, 226 days
(29 years, 18 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ 1986 Vranitzky I–II
• SPÖ • FPÖ 		[42]
1990 Vranitzky III–IV–V
• SPÖ • ÖVP
1994
1995
20 Viktor Klima
(born 4 June 1947) 		28 January 1997 4 February 2000 3 years, 7 days
(26 years, 11 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ – Klima
• SPÖ • ÖVP 		[43]
21 Wolfgang Schüssel
(born 7 June 1945) 		4 February 2000 11 January 2007 6 years, 341 days
(19 years, 35 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP 1999 Schüssel I
• ÖVP • FPÖ
4 February 2000 – 3 April 2005

Schüssel II
• ÖVP • BZÖ
3 April 2005 – 11 January 2007 		[44]
2002
22 Alfred Gusenbauer
(born 8 February 1960) 		11 January 2007 2 December 2008 1 year, 326 days
(17 years, 75 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ 2006 Gusenbauer
• SPÖ • ÖVP 		[45]
23 Werner Faymann
(born 4 May 1960) 		2 December 2008 9 May 2016 7 years, 159 days
(9 years, 282 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ 2008 Faymann I–II
• SPÖ • ÖVP 		[46]
2013
24 Christian Kern
(born 4 January 1966) 		17 May 2016 18 December 2017 1 year, 215 days
(8 years, 59 days post-chancellorship) 		SPÖ – Kern
• SPÖ • ÖVP 		[47]
25 Sebastian Kurz
(born 27 August 1986) 		18 December 2017 28 May 2019 1 year, 161 days
(224 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP 2017 Kurz I
• ÖVP • FPÖ
18 December 2017 – 22 May 2019

• ÖVP
22 May 2019 – 28 May 2019 		[48]
26 Brigitte Bierlein
(25 June 1949 – 3 June 2024) 		3 June 2019 7 January 2020 218 days
(4 years, 148 days post-chancellorship) 		IND – Bierlein
• Technocrats 		[49][50]
(25) Sebastian Kurz
(born 27 August 1986) 		7 January 2020 11 October 2021 1 year, 277 days
(4 years, 127 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP 2019 Kurz II
• ÖVP • Greens 		[51]
27 Alexander Schallenberg
(born 20 June 1969) 		11 October 2021 6 December 2021 56 days
(4 years, 71 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP – Schallenberg
• ÖVP • Greens 		[52]
28 Karl Nehammer
(born 18 October 1972) 		6 December 2021 10 January 2025 3 years, 35 days
(1 year, 36 days post-chancellorship) 		ÖVP – Nehammer
• ÖVP • Greens 		[53]
29 Christian Stocker
(born 20 March 1960) 		3 March 2025 Incumbent 349 days ÖVP 2024 Stocker
• ÖVP • SPÖ • NEOS 		[54]

Timeline

First Republic

Arthur Seyss-InquartKurt SchuschniggEngelbert DollfussKarl BureschOtto EnderCarl VaugoinErnst StreeruwitzRudolf RamekIgnaz SeipelJohannes SchoberMichael MayrKarl Renner

Second Republic

Christian StockerKarl NehammerAlexander SchallenbergBrigitte BierleinSebastian KurzChristian KernWerner FaymannAlfred GusenbauerWolfgang SchüsselViktor KlimaFranz VranitzkyFred SinowatzBruno KreiskyJosef KlausAlfons GorbachJulius RaabLeopold FiglKarl Renner

Longest-serving chancellors

Bruno Kreisky, longest-serving chancellor (13 years)
Sebastian Kurz, youngest chancellor at appointment (31 years) & Alexander Schallenberg the chancellor with the shortest tenure

The following table lists all chancellors of the Second Republic (since 1945) ranked by their length of tenure, with the incumbent chancellor's tenure automatically updating daily.

Rank Chancellor Length of tenure(s) Timespan(s) Party
1 Bruno Kreisky 13 years, 33 days 1970–1983 SPÖ
2 Franz Vranitzky 10 years, 226 days 1986–1997 SPÖ
3 Julius Raab 8 years, 9 days 1953–1961 ÖVP
4 Werner Faymann 7 years, 159 days 2008–2016 SPÖ
5 Leopold Figl 7 years, 103 days 1945–1953 ÖVP
6 Wolfgang Schüssel 6 years, 341 days 2000–2007 ÖVP
7 Josef Klaus 6 years, 19 days 1964–1970 ÖVP
8 Sebastian Kurz 3 years, 75 days
1 year, 161 days + 1 year, 277 days 		2017–2019
2020–2021 		ÖVP
9 Karl Nehammer 3 years, 35 days 2021–2025 ÖVP
10 Fred Sinowatz 3 years, 23 days 1983–1986 SPÖ
11 Viktor Klima 3 years, 7 days 1997–2000 SPÖ
12 Alfons Gorbach 2 years, 357 days 1961–1964 ÖVP
13 Alfred Gusenbauer 1 year, 326 days 2007–2008 SPÖ
14 Christian Kern 1 year, 215 days 2016–2017 SPÖ
15 Christian Stocker 349 days 2025–present ÖVP
16 Karl Renner 237 days 1945 SPÖ
17 Brigitte Bierlein 218 days 2019–2020 IND
18 Alexander Schallenberg 56 days 2021 ÖVP


The following table shows age-related data for all chancellors of the Second Republic, with living chancellors' ages automatically updating.

Chancellor Born Age at start
of chancellorship 		Age at end
of chancellorship 		Post-chancellorship
timespan 		Died Lifespan
Karl Renner 14 December 1870 74 years, 134 days
27 April 1945 		75 years, 6 days
20 December 1945 		5 years, 11 days 31 December 1950 80 years, 17 days
Leopold Figl 2 October 1902 43 years, 79 days
20 December 1945 		50 years, 182 days
2 April 1953 		12 years, 37 days 9 May 1965 62 years, 219 days
Julius Raab 29 November 1891 61 years, 124 days
2 April 1953 		69 years, 133 days
11 April 1961 		2 years, 272 days 8 January 1964 72 years, 40 days
Alfons Gorbach 2 September 1898 62 years, 221 days
11 April 1961 		65 years, 213 days
2 April 1964 		8 years, 120 days 31 July 1972 73 years, 333 days
Josef Klaus 15 August 1910 53 years, 231 days
2 April 1964 		59 years, 249 days
21 April 1970 		31 years, 95 days 25 July 2001 90 years, 344 days
Bruno Kreisky 22 January 1911 59 years, 89 days
21 April 1970 		72 years, 122 days
24 May 1983 		7 years, 66 days 29 July 1990 79 years, 188 days
Fred Sinowatz 5 February 1929 54 years, 108 days
24 May 1983 		57 years, 131 days
16 June 1986 		22 years, 56 days 11 August 2008 79 years, 188 days
Franz Vranitzky 4 October 1937 48 years, 255 days
16 June 1986 		59 years, 116 days
28 January 1997 		29 years, 18 days — 88 years, 134 days
Viktor Klima 4 June 1947 49 years, 238 days
28 January 1997 		52 years, 245 days
4 February 2000 		26 years, 11 days — 78 years, 256 days
Wolfgang Schüssel 7 June 1945 54 years, 242 days
4 February 2000 		61 years, 218 days
11 January 2007 		19 years, 35 days — 80 years, 253 days
Alfred Gusenbauer 8 February 1960 46 years, 337 days
11 January 2007 		48 years, 298 days
2 December 2008 		17 years, 75 days — 66 years, 7 days
Werner Faymann 4 May 1960 48 years, 212 days
2 December 2008 		56 years, 5 days
9 May 2016 		9 years, 282 days — 65 years, 287 days
Christian Kern 4 January 1966 50 years, 134 days
17 May 2016 		51 years, 348 days
18 December 2017 		8 years, 59 days — 60 years, 42 days
Sebastian Kurz
(1st term) 		27 August 1986 31 years, 113 days
18 December 2017 		32 years, 274 days
28 May 2019 		224 days — 39 years, 172 days
Brigitte Bierlein 25 June 1949 69 years, 343 days
3 June 2019 		70 years, 196 days
7 January 2020 		4 years, 148 days 3 June 2024 74 years, 344 days
Sebastian Kurz
(2nd term) 		27 August 1986 33 years, 133 days
7 January 2020 		35 years, 45 days
11 October 2021 		4 years, 127 days — 39 years, 172 days
Alexander Schallenberg 20 June 1969 52 years, 113 days
11 October 2021 		52 years, 169 days
6 December 2021 		4 years, 71 days — 56 years, 240 days
Karl Nehammer 18 October 1972 49 years, 49 days
6 December 2021 		52 years, 84 days
10 January 2025 		1 year, 36 days — 53 years, 120 days
Christian Stocker 20 March 1960 64 years, 348 days
3 March 2025 		Incumbent 65 years, 332 days

Notes:

  • Light green indicates living former chancellors
  • Green indicates the current incumbent chancellor
  • Sebastian Kurz served two non-consecutive terms; both are shown separately
  • Living chancellors' post-chancellorship timespan and lifespan automatically update daily

Graphical representation

This is a graphical lifespan timeline of the Chancellors of Austria since 1945. They are listed in order of first assuming office.

Christian StockerKarl NehammerAlexander SchallenbergBrigitte BierleinSebastian KurzChristian KernWerner FaymannAlfred GusenbauerWolfgang SchüsselViktor KlimaFranz VranitzkyFred SinowatzBruno KreiskyJosef KlausAlfons GorbachJulius RaabLeopold FiglKarl Renner

The following chart shows chancellors by their age (living chancellors in green), with the years of their time in office in color.


See also

Notes

  1. ^ Renner initially served as State Chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria until 21 October 1919, and thereafter as State Chancellor of the Republic of Austria.
  2. ^ The chancellor is appointed by the president of Austria. However, since the office of president was only established in 1920, Renner was instead appointed by the State Council.
  3. ^ Office renamed from "State Chancellor" to "Federal Chancellor" on 10 November 1920.
  4. ^ After the Red Army freed Vienna from the Nazi regime, Renner formed a cabinet under Soviet rule. The cabinet was accepted by the Soviets on 27 April 1945 and recognized by all states of Austria as well as the Allied Control Council in September 1945.

References

  1. ^ "Power limited for Austrian foreign minister, fan of Bruno Kreisky, critic of Juncker". euractiv.com. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  2. ^ "Bundeskanzler Sebastian Kurz". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Treaty of Saint-Germain". Britannica. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  4. ^ "First Republic and the Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  5. ^ "The assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss, July 25, 1934". eclecticatbest.com. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  6. ^ "Kurt von Schuschnigg". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  7. ^ "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  8. ^ "Josef Bürckel". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  9. ^ "Baldur von Schirach". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  10. ^ "Gesetz über Gebietsveränderungen in Österreich". alex.onb.ac.a (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  11. ^ "Anschluss". Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  12. ^ "The years of the Allied Forces in Vienna". wien.gv.at. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  13. ^ "Full text of the Austrian State Treaty" (PDF). treaties.un.org. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  14. ^ "Art. 69 B-VG". jusline.at (in German). Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  15. ^ "Dr. Karl Renner" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  16. ^ Bundesregierung (Österreich) (in German). ISBN 978-3-531-16464-9. Retrieved 8 March 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  17. ^ "Staatsregierung Renner I". anno.onb.ac.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  18. ^ "Dr. Michael Mayr" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  19. ^ a b "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  20. ^ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  21. ^ "abs. iur. DDDr. h.c Johannes Schober" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  22. ^ a b "Dr. Ignaz Seipel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  23. ^ "Dr. Rudolf Ramek" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  24. ^ "Ernst Streeruwitz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  25. ^ "Carl Vaugoin" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  26. ^ "Dr. Otto Ender" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  27. ^ "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  28. ^ "Dr. Karl Buresch" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  29. ^ "Austria: Death for Freedom". Time. 6 August 1934. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  30. ^ "Dr. Kurt Schuschnigg" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  31. ^ "Arthur Seyss-Inquart". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  32. ^ "Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  33. ^ "Bundeskanzler seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  34. ^ "Kanzler und Regierungen seit 1945". bundeskanzleramt.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  35. ^ "Karl Renner (Politiker)". geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2019.
  36. ^ "Dipl.-Ing. DDDr. h.c. Leopold Figl" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  37. ^ "Ing. DDDr. Julius Raab" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  38. ^ "Dr. Alfons Gorbach" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  39. ^ "Dr. Josef Klaus" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  40. ^ "Dr. Bruno Kreisky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  41. ^ "Dr. Fred Sinowatz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  42. ^ "Dipl.-Kfm. Dr. Franz Vranitzky" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  43. ^ "Mag. Viktor Klima" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  44. ^ "Dr. Wolfgang Schüssel" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  45. ^ "Dr. Alfred Gusenbauer" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  46. ^ "Werner Faymann" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  47. ^ "Mag. Christian Kern" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  48. ^ "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  49. ^ "Kabinett Bierlein angelobt". orf.at (in German). 3 June 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  50. ^ "Dr. Brigitte Bierlein" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  51. ^ "Sebastian Kurz" (in German). Republic of Austria Parliament. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  52. ^ "Schallenberg set to replace Kurz as Austria's chancellor". Euronews. 11 October 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  53. ^ Welle (dw.com), Deutsche. "Austria: Karl Nehammer sworn in as new chancellor | DW | 06.12.2021". DW.COM. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  54. ^ "Austria is getting a new coalition government without the far-right election winner". AP News. 11 October 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
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