Mangkunegara III
| Mangkunegara III | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 3rd Ruler of Mangkunegaran | |
| Reign | 29 January 1835 – 6 January 1853 |
| Coronation | 16 January 1843 |
| Predecessor | Mangkunegara II |
| Successor | Mangkunegara IV |
| Born | Bandara Raden Mas Sarengat January 16, 1803 Pura Mangkunegaran, Surakarta, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | January 6, 1853 (aged 49) Pura Mangkunegaran, Surakarta, Dutch East Indies |
| Burial | Astana Mangadeg, Matesih, Central Java |
| Spouse |
|
| Issue | 42 children |
| Father | KPH. Natakusuma |
| Mother | BRAy. Sayati |
| Religion | Islam |
Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara III (16 January 1803 – 6 January 1853) was the third ruler of the Mangkunegaran princely state in Central Java. Born Bandara Raden Mas Sarengat, he was a grandson of Mangkunegara II and a great-grandson of Pakubuwana III of the Surakarta Sunanate.
Early life
Mangkunegara III was born on 16 January 1803 at the Pura Mangkunegaran in Surakarta. He was the son of KPH. Natakusuma and BRAy. Sayati, the eldest daughter of Mangkunegara II. From a young age, he was adopted by his grandfather and groomed for leadership.
On 30 March 1820, he married GKR. Sekar Kedhaton, daughter of Pakubuwana V. Following her early death, he married his cousin, RAy. Samsiyah. Throughout his life, he had 14 concubines and fathered 42 children, though only 28 survived to adulthood.
Military career
Sarengat joined the Mangkunegaran Cadet Corps at the age of 15. On 4 September 1819, he was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Legiun Mangkunegaran with the title Kangjeng Pangeran Riya.
During the Java War (1825–1830), he fought alongside his grandfather against the forces of Prince Diponegoro, commanding troops in the Jatinom and Kepurun regions of Klaten. For his military contributions, he was awarded the Military William Order, 4th Class.
Reign
Following the death of Mangkunegara II, he assumed leadership on 29 January 1835 as Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Prabu Prangwadana III. On 16 January 1843, upon reaching the age of 40—a traditional requirement for the full title—he was formally enthroned as Mangkunegara III.
His reign was marked by the cultural preservation of Javanese arts. He was a known patron of Wayang Purwa and commissioned the transcription of the Serat Dewa Ruci, a philosophical text on leadership and ethics.
Death and legacy
Mangkunegara III died on 6 January 1853 at the age of 49. He was buried at Astana Mangadeg alongside his grandfather.[2] As he had no direct male heir from his consorts, he was succeeded by his cousin and son-in-law, KPH. Gandakusuma, who became Mangkunegara IV.[3]
He is remembered for his philosophical teaching known as Panca Mutiara (The Five Pearls), which emphasizes moral character and resilience in Javanese leadership:[4][5]
- Temen (Earnestness/Honesty)
- Mantep (Steadfastness/Conviction)
- Gelem Nglakoni (Willingness to take action and accept consequences)
- Aja Kagetan (Equanimity/To not be easily startled)
- Aja Gumunan (Humility/To not be easily awestruck by worldly things)
See also
References
- ^ Sumahatmaka et al. 1973. Pratelan Para Darah Dalem Soewargi Kangdjeng Goesti Pangeran Adipati Arja Mangkoenagara I hing Soerakarta Hadiningrat: Asalsilah Djilid I. Mangkunegaran. Surakarta.
- ^ Wasino. (2014). Mozaik Tata Kota Praja Mangkunegaran. Universitas Negeri Semarang. p. 45.
- ^ Sarsito, A. T. (1989). Mangkunegara IV: Selayang Pandang Penguasa-Pujangga. Surakarta: Rekso Pustaka Mangkunegaran.
- ^ Dewan Redaksi Ensiklopedia Islam. (2002). Ensiklopedia Islam Volume 3. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve. p. 156.
- ^ Kusumastuti, R. (2021). "The Concept of Javanese Leadership in Mangkunegaran Dynasty". Journal of Ethnohistory and Cultural Studies, 4(2), pp. 88-91.