Shivaji II
| Shivaji II & I | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kshatriya Kulavantas Chhatrapati Maharaj Raja Yuvraj | |||||||||
 Samadhi of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj II in Pahala fort | |||||||||
| 4th Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire | |||||||||
| Reign (Shivaji II) | Krishna Paksha Navami of Phalguna,1621 (S.V) (3 March 1700) – Krishna Paksha Amavasya of Pausha,1629 (S.V) (12 January 1708) | ||||||||
| Coronation | Shukla Paksha Poornima of Chaitra,1622 (S.V) (16 March 1700) Probably | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Rajaram I | ||||||||
| Successor | Shahu I | ||||||||
| Regent | Tarabai | ||||||||
| Peshwa | Ramchandra Pant Amatya | ||||||||
| Raja of Kolhapur | |||||||||
| Reign (Shivaji I) | Krishna Paksha Amavasya of Pausha, 1629 (S.V) (12 January 1708) – Shukla Paksha Dvitiya of Shravan,1636 (S.V) (2 August 1714) | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Position established | ||||||||
| Successor | Sambhaji I | ||||||||
| Regent | Tarabai | ||||||||
| Born | Krishna Paksha Prathama of Jyestha,1618 (S.V) (6 June 1696) Kalyana Mahal, Gingee Fort, Maratha Empire (present-day Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India) | ||||||||
| Died | Krishna Paksha Shashti of Phalguna,1647 (S.V) (14 March 1726) (aged 29) Palace Complex of Panhala, Panhala Fort, Maratha Empire (present-day Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India) | ||||||||
| Cause of death | Small pox | ||||||||
| Spouse | Bhavanibai[1] | ||||||||
| Issue | Rajaram II (disputed) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Bhonsale | ||||||||
| Father | Rajaram I | ||||||||
| Mother | Tarabai | ||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism | ||||||||
Shivaji II of Maratha Empire and Shivaji I of Kolhapur (Shivaji Rajaram Bhonsale, Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiˈʋaːdʑiː ɾaːd͡ʒaɾaːm ˈbʱos(ə)le]; Krishna Paksha Panchami of Jyestha,1618 (S.V) (9 June 1696) – Krishna Paksha Shashti of Phalguna,1647 (S.V) (14 March 1726), also known as Shivba the Younger, was the fourth Chhatrapati (Emperor) of the Maratha Empire, who ruled from 1700 until his dethroned in 1708. He was the first son of Rajaram I (from whom he succeeded) from his second wife Tarabai.
His first seven year reign was marked with the Deccan War and end of it and his last one year was marked with starting of Civil War in Marathi Empire in which he lost the power and title of Chhatrapati to his elder cousin Shahu I. After this he established the Kingdom of Kolhapur and became the first Raja of Kolhapur assuming the title as Shivaji I of Kolhapur. Even he was Monarch but still a minor, so on the behalf of Shivaji his mother Tarabai ruled the Empire and Kingdom. He was again dethroned by his younger half brother Sambhaji I, only some days before he comes to age to rule solely. He was imprisoned at Pahala also were he died.
Biography
He was born in Bhonsle dynasty. Upon the death of his father, the infant Shivaji was installed as the Chhatrapati of the Maratha Kingdom with his mother Tarabai serving as the regent in 1700. His cousin, Shahu I upon his release from the Mughals in 1707 successfully challenged Tarabai to become the next Chhatrapati.[2] Tarabai then set up a rival court in Kolhapur. Shivaji II served as Raja of Kolhapur from 1710 to 1714. At that time, he was once again deposed by his step-mother Rajasbai who installed her own son, Sambhaji II on the Kolhapur throne. Shivaji died of smallpox on 14 March 1726.[3]
Alleged posthumous son
When Shahu, without a male heir to succeed to his throne, wanted to adopt a son, Tarabai disclosed in late 1740s that Shivaji II posthumously became father of a son called Rajaram II who was brought up by Nimbalkars of Phaltan, for his own protection. Shahu adopted Rajaram II who succeeded Shahu as the Chhatrapati following Shahu's death. Due to political strife between Peshwa and Tarabai, in order to delegitimise Peshwa's authority which drew from Satara Chhatrapati's own legitimacy in 1752, Tarabai made a show of oath that Rajaram II was an imposter and not her grandson.[4] However this oath was withdrawn and Ramaraja's caste purity was asserted in public by openly dining with other Maratha lords.[5] Ramaraja was later arrested by Tarabai and kept under house arrest until her death in 1761.
References
- ^ "The Forgotten Story of Rani Tarabai, the Indomitable Warrior Queen of the Marathas". 5 December 2017.
- ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ Kolhapur State
- ^ Biswamoy Pati, ed. (2000). Issues in Modern Indian History. Popular. p. 30. ISBN 9788171546589.
- ^ Later Medieval India: A History of the Mughals By Awadh Bihari Pandey 1963, pg 323 [1]
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