Spinal Cord Independence Measure

The Spinal Cord Independence Measure is used to assess functional independence after spinal cord injury.

The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) is an outcome measure used in rehabilitation medicine to evaluate functional independence in individuals with spinal cord injury. Outcome measures are widely used to assess the severity of disability and to monitor changes in patient functioning over time.[1] Such measures support clinical decision-making, research comparisons of rehabilitation interventions, and health policy evaluations.

The SCIM was developed specifically for individuals with spinal cord injury and assesses an individual's ability to perform basic activities of daily living safely and independently. [2][3]

Structure and psychometric properties

The SCIM consists of 19 items divided into three subscales: self care, respiration and sphincter management, and mobility. These domains capture functional abilities that are particularly relevant for individuals living with spinal cord lesions.

Psychometric properties

The most recent version of the instrument, SCIM III, has been evaluated in multiple multicenter trials[4][5][6] and has demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability.[7][8]

SCIM III has also been translated and culturally adapted into several languages, including Italian,[9] Spanish,[10] Greek,[11] Portuguese,[12] Thai,[13] Turkish[14] and Persian[15] languages. Systematic reviews have suggested that SCIM III has acceptable psychometric performance for measuring functional outcomes in individuals with spinal cord injury.[7][8]

References

  1. ^ Alexander, MS (2009). "Outcome measures in spinal cord injury: recent assessments and recommendations for future directions". Spinal Cord. 47 (8): 582–591. doi:10.1038/sc.2009.18. PMC 2722687. PMID 19381157.
  2. ^ Catz, Amiram (1997). "SCIM--spinal cord independence measure:a new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions". Spinal Cord. 36 (10): 734–5. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100738. PMID 9800278.
  3. ^ Catz, Amiram (2007). "Spinal Cord Independence Measure: comprehensive ability rating scale for the spinal cord lesion patient". The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. 44 (1): 65–8. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2005.07.0123. PMID 17551859.
  4. ^ Anderson, KD (2011). "United States (US) multicenter study to assess the validity and reliability of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III)". Spinal Cord. 49 (8): 880–885. doi:10.1038/sc.2011.20. PMID 21445081.
  5. ^ Itzkovich, M (2007). "The Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) version III:reliability and validity in a multi-center international study". Disability and Rehabilitation. 29 (24): 1926–1933. doi:10.1080/09638280601046302. PMID 17852230. S2CID 25972037.
  6. ^ Catz, Amiram (2007). "A multicenter international study on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III: Rasch psychometric validation". Spinal Cord. 45 (4): 275–291. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101960. PMID 16909143.
  7. ^ a b Anderson, K (2008). "Functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury:An evidence based review for clinical practice and research". Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 31 (2): 133–144. doi:10.1080/10790268.2008.11760704. PMC 2578796. PMID 18581660.
  8. ^ a b Furlan, Julio C (2010). "Assessment of disability in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury:a systematic review of the literature". Journal of Neurotrauma. 28 (8): 1413–1430. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1148. PMC 3143412. PMID 20367251.
  9. ^ Invernizzi, M (2010). "Development and validation of the Italian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III". Disability and Rehabilitation. 54 (7): 553–560. doi:10.1038/sc.2015.187. PMID 26481705.
  10. ^ Zarco-perinan, MJ (2014). "Development of the Spanish version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III: cross cultural adaptation and reliability and validity study". Disability and Rehabilitation. 36 (19): 1644–1651. doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.864713. PMID 24320025. S2CID 34885060.
  11. ^ Michailidou, CML (2016). "Translation into Greek and initial validity and reliability testing of a modified version of the SCIM III, in both English and Greek, for self use". Disability and Rehabilitation. 38 (2): 180–188. doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1035454. PMID 25875048.
  12. ^ Riberto, M (2014). "Validation of the Brazilian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III". Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 72 (6): 439–444. doi:10.1590/0004-282X20140066. PMID 24964111.
  13. ^ Wannapacke, J (2016). "Reliability and discriminative ability of the spinal cord independence measure III (Thai version )". Spinal Cord. 54 (3): 213–220. doi:10.1038/sc.2015.114. PMID 26169167.
  14. ^ Unalan, H (2015). "Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure III". Spinal Cord. 53 (6): 455–460. doi:10.1038/sc.2014.249. PMID 25665539.
  15. ^ Saberi, H (2018). "Development of Persian version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III assessed by interview : a psychometric study". Spinal Cord. 56 (10): 980–986. doi:10.1038/s41393-018-0160-5. PMID 29802395.
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