Papilio polytes

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Papilionini
Genus: Papilio
Subgenus: Menelaides
Species: Papilio polytes
Subspecies: P. p. latreilloides – P. p. ledebouria – P. p. mandane – P. p. nicanor – P. p. nikobarus – P. p. pasikrates – P. p. polytes – P. p. romulus – P. p. rubidimacula – P. p. sakiboso – P. p. steffi – P. p. stichioides – P. p. stichius
See also possible synonym: P. p. flavolineatus –

See below for possible alternative placement of: P. p. kurokawai – P. p. messius – P. p. tucanus – P. p. vigellius

Unaccepted names: P. p. liujidongi

Else see Papilio theseus for former Papilio polytes theseus, including: P. t. alcindor – P. t. javanus – P. t. sotira – P. t. theseus – P. t. timorensis
Note: by phylogeograhy (after Deshmukh et al., 2025), would also include: P. p. kurokawai – P. p. messius – P. p. tucanus – P. p. vigellius

Familia: Papilionidae
Subfamilia: Papilioninae
Tribus: Papilionini
Genus: Papilio
Subgenus: Menelaides
Species: Papilio polytes
Linnaeus, 1758.

Type locality: China.

Typus: Holotype, BMNH

• [Papilio polytes]] Linnaeus, 1758: 460 ♀.
• Papilio pammon Linnaeus, 1758: 460 ♂. Image.
• Papilio obscuras Chou , Yuan & Wang, 2000 abbreviation
• Papilio flavolineatus Chou , Yuan & Wang, 2000 abbreviation
• Papilio polytes liujidongi Huang, 2003 Type locality: Gongshan, West Yunnan
• Papillo polytes borealis C. and F. Felder, 1862 individual variation of polytes
• Papillo polytes thibetanus Oberthur, 1895
  • Type locality: China (Estern China)
    • Typus: ?

• Condamine, F.L., Allio. R, Reboud, E.L et al. 2023. A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy illuminate the origin and diversification of the global radiation of Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 183: 107758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107758 Reference page. 
• Deshmukh, R., Baral, S., Kuwalekar, M., Kizhakke, A.G. & Kunte, K. 2025. Reproductive barriers and genomic hotspots of adaptation during allopatric species divergence. Molecular Ecology 0:e17703 [Online early]. DOI: 10.1111/mec.17703 Reference page. 
• Chou, I., Yuan, F. & Wang, Y.L. 2000. New Species, New Subspecies, and New Record of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from China (II). Entomotaxonomia 22(4): 266–274. Reference page. 
• Condamine, F.L., Allio. R, Reboud, E.L et al. 2023. A comprehensive phylogeny and revised taxonomy illuminate the origin and diversification of the global radiation of Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 183: 107758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107758 Reference page. 
• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL Reference page. 
• Nakane, M., 2011. Papilio polytes kurokawai ssp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from Batuatas Island, Southern Celebes, Indonesia. Butterflies (Teinopalpus) 59: 4–7.
• Yoshino, K., 2018. Description of two New subspecies of Papillo polytes from Southwest China and a new subspecies of Delias acalis from Hainan Island, South China. Butterfly Science 12: 69-75.

• Joshi, S. & Kunte, K. "2022" (Unpublished). Polytypy and Systematics: Diversification of Papilio Swallowtail Butterflies in the Biogeographically Complex Indo-Australian Region. bioRxiv, 2022.03.23.485569. DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.23.485569. ResearchGate Reference page.  [Unpublished preprint]

• see also Savela Funet

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