Protobranchia

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Bivalvia
Subclassis: Protobranchia
Ordines (3 + †1): †Afghanodesmatida – Nuculanida – Nuculida – Solemyida

Protobranchia Pelseneer, 1889: 52

• Pelseneer, P. 1889. Sur la classification phylogénétique de pélécypods. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 20(sér. 3, vol. 2): 27–52. BHL

• Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. 2010. Classification of Bivalve Families. pp. 113–133 in Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (eds.). Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1–184. DOI: 10.4002/040.052.0201 [1] Reference page. 
• Carter, J.G., Altaba, C.R., Anderson, L.C., Araujo, R., Biakov, A.S., Bogan, A.E., Campbell, D.C., Campbell, M., Chen, J.-H., Cope, J.C.W., Delvene, G., Dijkstra, H.H., Fang, Z.-J., Gardner, R.N., Gavrilova, V.A., Goncharova, I.A., Harries, P.J., Hartman, J.H., Hautmann, M., Hoeh, W.R., Hylleberg, J., Jiang, B.-Y., Johnston, P., Kirkendale, L., Kleemann, K., Koppka, J., Kříž, J., Machado, D., Malchus, N., Márquez-Aliaga, A., Masse, J.-P., McRoberts, C.A., Middelfart, P.U., Mitchell, S., Nevesskaja, L.A., Özer, S., Pojeta, Jr., J., Polubotko, I.V., Pons, J.M., Popov, S., Sámchez, T., Sartori, A.F., Scott, R.W., Sey, I.I., Signorelli, J.H., Silantiev, V.V., Skelton, P.W., Steuber, T., Waterhouse, J.B., Wingard, G.L. & Yancey, T. 2011. A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Paleontological Contributions 4: 1–47. DOI: 10.17161/PC.1808.8287 hdl: 1808/8287 Reference page. 
• Smith, S.A., Wilson, N.G., Goetz, F.E., Feehery, C., Andrade, S.C.S., Rouse, G.W., Giribet, G. & Dunn, C.W. 2011. Resolving the evolutionary relationships of molluscs with phylogenomic tools. Nature 480: 364–367. DOI: 10.1038/nature10526 Reference page. 
• Sharma, P.P., González, V.L., Kawauchi, G.Y., Andrade, S.C.S., Guzmán, A., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., Harper, E.M., Healy, J.M., Mikkelsen, P.M., Taylor, J.D., Bieler, R. & Giribet, G. 2012 Phylogenetic analysis of four nuclear protein-encoding genes largely corroborates the traditional classification of Bivalvia (Mollusca). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65(1): 64–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.025 Reference page. 
• Sharma, P.P., Zardus, J.D., Boyle, E.E., González, V.L., Jennings, R.M., McIntyre, E., Wheeler, W.C., Etter, R.J. & Giribet, G. 2013. Into the Deep: A phylogenetic approach to the bivalve subclass Protobranchia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(1): 188–204. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.018 Reference page. 
• Bieler, R., Mikkelsen, P.M., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., González, V.L., Graf, D.L., Harper, E.M., Healy, J., Kawauchi, G.Y., Sharma, P.P., Staubach, S., Strong, E.E., Taylor, J.D., Tëmkin, I., Zardus, J.D., Clark, S., Guzmán, A., McIntyre, E., Sharp, P. & Giribet, G. 2014. Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters. Invertebrate Systematics 28(1): 32–115. DOI: 10.1071/IS13010 Reference page. 
• González, V.L., Andrade, S.C.S., Bieler, R., Collins, T.M., Dunn, C.W., Mikkelsen, P.M., Taylor, J.D. & Giribet, G. 2015. A phylogenetic backbone for Bivalvia: An RNA-seq approach. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282(1801): 20142332. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2332 Reference page. 
• Combosch, D.J., Collins, T.M., Glover, E.A., Graf, D.L., Harper, E.M., Healy, J.M., Kawauchi, G.Y., Lemer, S., McIntyre, E., Strong, E.E., Taylor, J.D., Zardus, J.D., Mikkelsen, P.M., Giribet, G. & Bieler, R. 2017. A family-level Tree of Life for bivalves based on a Sanger-sequencing approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107: 191–208. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.003 Reference page. 
• Lemer, S., Bieler, R. & Giribet, G. 2019. Resolving the relationships of clams and cockles: dense transcriptome sampling drastically improves the bivalve tree of life. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286(1896): 20182684. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2684 Reference page. 
• Sato, K., Kano, Y., Setiamarga, D.H.E., Watanabe, H.K. & Sasaki, T. 2020. Molecular phylogeny of protobranch bivalves and systematic implications of their shell microstructure. Zoologica Scripta 49(4): 458–472. DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12419 Reference page. 

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