Thompson
The taxon authority Thompson may refer to:
- Betty J. Thompson (born 1943), U.S. entomologist
- Bruce Alan Thompson (1946–2007), U.S. ichthyologist
- Cody W. Thompson, U.S. zoologist
- David M. Thompson (born 1957; D.M.Thomps.), botanist
- Edward John Thompson (fl. 1994; E.J.Thomps.), botanist
- Ernest Freeman Thompson, New Zealander ichthyologist and carcinologist
- Ernest Thompson Seton (1860–1946), U.S. naturalist and author, born Ernest Evan Thompson. Also published as Ernest Thompson-Seton or Ernest Seton-Thompson
- Frederic Christian Thompson (1944–2021), U.S. entomologist
- Fred G. Thompson, zoologist
- Fred Gilbert Thompson, herpetologist
- Graham J. Thompson, Canadian entomologist
- Gordon Burnette Thompson (1911–1979), British entomologist
- Hazell Shokellu Thompson, Sierra Leonean zoologist and conservationist
- Henry Nilus Thompson (1867–1938; H.N.Thomps.), English forester
- Henry Joseph Thompson (born 1921; H.J.Thomps.), U.S. botanist
- Ida Thompson, U.S. paleontologist
- John Thompson (fl. 1798; J.Thomps.), botanist
- John Vaughan Thompson (1779–1847), British-Australian zoologist
- Joseph Thompson, U.S. entomologist
- Joseph Cheesman Thompson (1874–1943), U.S. zoologist
- Joy Thompson (1923–2018; Joy Thomps.), Australian botanist
- Julia Resende Thompson, Brazilian herpetologist
- Ken A. Thompson, entomologist
- Luther Thompson, U.S. bacteriologist
- Mary Fraser Thompson (1941-1982; M.F.Thomps.), botanist
- Max C. Thompson (born 1936), U.S. ornithologist
- Michelle E. Thompson, U.S. zoologist
- Millett Taylor Thompson (1875–1907), carcinologist, entomologist
- Paul M. Thompson, U.S. entomologist
- Richard Thomas Thompson (born 1933), English entomologist
- Rufus Henney Thompson (1908–1980; R.H.Thomps.), botanist and phycologist
- Thomas Everett Thompson (1933–1990), English malacologist
- Thomas L. Thompson, palaeontologist
- Vinton Thompson, U.S. entomologist
- William Thompson (1805–1852; Wm.Thomps.), Irish botanist and naturalist
- William Francis Thompson (1888–1965), U.S. ichthyologist
- William Wardlaw Thompson (?–1917), South African ichthyologist
- Zadock Thompson (1796–1856), U.S. naturalist