Xanthophyllum flavescens

Familia: Polygalaceae
Tribus: Xanthophylleae
Genus: Xanthophyllum
Species: Xanthophyllum flavescens

Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3(4): 82, t. 284, fig. 2. 1820.

• Homotypic
  • Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb., Hort. Bengal.: 88. 1814, nom. nud.

• Heterotypic
  • Jakkia excelsa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 62. 1825. (as Jackia excelsa)
  • Monnina excelsa (Blume) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4(2): 265. 1827.
  • ? Xanthophyllum eglandulosum Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 537. 1854. – Icon. Pl. Asiat. 4: t. 598, fig. 4. 1854.
  • Xanthophyllum excelsum (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 129. 1858.
  • Xanthophyllum adenopodum Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 3: 393. 1861.
  • Xanthophyllum affine Korth. ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1(9): 271(–272). 1864.
  • Banisterodes affinis (Korth. ex Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891, nom. illeg. (as affine)
  • Banisterodes excelsa (Blume) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891, nom. illeg. (as excelsum)
  • Xanthophyllum sarawakense Chodat, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4(4): 262. 1896. (as Xanthophyllum Sarawakensis)
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. adenopodum (Miq.) Koord. & Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 1(1): 11(–13), t. 2, fig. 3. 1897.
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. genuinum Koord. & Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 1(1): 12. 1897. (as α. genuina)
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. excelsum (Blume) Koord. & Valeton, Icon. Bogor. 1(1): 13. 1897. (as β. excelsa)
  • Xanthophyllum excelsum var. affine (Miq.) Boerl., Cat. Pl. Phan. 1: 59. 1899.
  • Xanthophyllum glandulosum Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 34. 1905 [1906].
  • Xanthophyllum floriferum Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5(89): 1674(–1676). 1913.
  • Xanthophyllum multiramosum Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5(89): 1676. 1913.
  • Xanthophyllum obliquum Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(8): 235(–236). 1922.
  • Xanthophyllum obliquum var. viride Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(8): 236. 1922.
  • Xanthophyllum siamense Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922(8): 236(–237). 1922.
  • Xanthophyllum affine var. puberulum Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 105. 1925.
  • Xanthophyllum loheri Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 27: 29. 1925.
  • Xanthophyllum pallidum Ridl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938(3): 113. 1938.

• Misapplied names
  • Xanthophyllum hainanense sensu Gagnep., Fl. Indo-Chine, Suppl. 1(2): 218. 1939. – non Xanthophyllum hainanense Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 6(3): 142. 1925.

• Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. 2de Stuk. Pp. 47–109. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia. BHL Reference page. 
• Griffith, W.† [arranged by John McClelland] 1854. Notulae ad Plantas Asiaticas. Part IV: Dicotyledonous Plants. Posthumous papers bequeathed to the Honourable, the East India Company, and printed by order of the government of Bengal. Charles A. Serrao, Calcutta. XLI + 764 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Kuntze, O. 1891. Revisio Generum Plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Pars I. Pp. I–CLV, 1–374. Arthur Felix, Leipzig [etc.] BHL Reference page. 
• Miquel, F.A.W. 1860–1861. Sumatra, zijne plantenwereld en hare voortbrengselen. Flora van Nederlandsch Indië, Eerste bijvoegsel. XXIV+656 pp., 4 tt. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam; C. van der Post Jr., Utrecht; Fried. Fleischer, Leipzig. BHL. Reference page. 

• Banerjee, R.N. & Balakrishnan, N.P. 1993. Xanthophyllaceae. Pp. 494–499 in Sharma, B.D. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (eds.), Flora of India, Vol. 2, Papaveraceae–Caryophyllaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Reference page.  (including also X. arnottianum and X. virens)
• Chen Shukun, Ma Haiying & Parnell, J.A.N. 2008. Polygalaceae. Pp. 139–159 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 11, Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3. PDF Online Reference page. 
• De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. 2007. Polygalaceae. Pp. 219–295 in Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G., Chung, R.C.K. & Kiew, R. (eds.), Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Vol. 6. Ampang Press, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 978-983-2181-89-7. Reference page. 
• De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. 2009. Key and checklist of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae) of Borneo. Reinwardtia 13: 79–86. Online Reference page. 
• Pendry, C.A. 2001. Polygalaceae. Pp. 498–538 in Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.), Flora of Thailand, Vol. 7(3). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. Reference page. 
• Pendry, C.A. 2014. Polygalaceae. Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, Fasc. 34. 63 pp., 4 pl. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Reference page. 
• Van der Meijden, R. 1982. Systematics and evolution of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae). (Leiden Botanical Series 7). 159 pp. E. J. Brill/Leiden University Press, Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-04-06594-6 PDF Reference page.  (as Xanthophyllum flavescens and X. affine)
• Van der Meijden, R. 1988. Polygalaceae. Pp. 455–539 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 10(3). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. BHL Reference page.  (as Xanthophyllum flavescens and X. affine)

• International Plant Names Index. 2019. Xanthophyllum flavescens. Published online. Accessed: 17 February 2019. Reference page.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Xanthophyllum flavescens.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xanthophyllum excelsum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2017-02-17. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2019. Xanthophyllum flavescens. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 February 17. Reference page. 

• Tropicos.org 2019. Xanthophyllum flavescens. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 February 2019. Reference page.

The name Xanthophyllum flavescens has also been applied to Xanthophyllum arnottianum, X. vitellinum, and X. zeylanicum, the name Xanthophyllum affine to Xanthophyllum papuanum, X. tenuipetalum and X. virens, and the name Xanthophyllum siamense to Xanthophyllum virens.