Alveolar ejective fricative

Alveolar ejective fricative
sʼ
IPA number132 401
Audio sample
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Encoding
Entity (decimal)s​ʼ
Unicode (hex)U+0073 U+02BC
X-SAMPAs_>

An alveolar ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨sʼ⟩.

Features

Features of an alveolar ejective fricative:

  • Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.

In many languages, it is allophonic with the affricate [ts'].[1]

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe Shapsug[2] сӏэ [sʼa]ⓘ 'name' Corresponds to [tsʼ] in other dialects.
Amharic ፀጉር/cegur [sʼəgur] 'hair' More frequently realized as an allophone [t͡sʼ]
Ganza[3]: 101  [sʼásʼà] ‘fat, thick’
Hausa[4] tsutsa [sʼusʼa] 'worm' Allophone of /tsʼ/ in some dialects
Keres s'eeka [sʼeːkʰa] 'sure'
Lakota s'a [sʼa] 'habitually'
Tlingit[5] sʼeek [sʼiːk]ⓘ 'bear'
Upper Necaxa Totonac[6] [ˈsʼa̰ta̰] 'small'
Emberá-Catío[7] [sʼokxo] 'type of water jar'

See also

References

  1. ^ Shosted, Ryan K.; Rose, Sharon (2011). "Affricating ejective fricatives: The case of Tigrinya". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 41 (1): 41–65. doi:10.1017/S0025100310000319. ISSN 0025-1003. JSTOR 44526590. S2CID 17186877.
  2. ^ Kerasheva, Z. I. (1957). Особенности шапсугского диалекта адыгейского языка [Features of the Shapsug Dialect of the Adyghe Language] (in Russian). Maykop: Adyghe Book Publishing House.
  3. ^ Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza" (pdf). Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  4. ^ Jaggar, Philip J. (19 December 2001). Hausa. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 7. John Benjamins. doi:10.1075/loall.7. ISBN 978-90-272-8304-7.
  5. ^ Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline L.; Bessell, Nicola (2001). "Aspects of the Phonetics of Tlingit". Anthropological Linguistics. 43 (2): 135–176. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 30028779.
  6. ^ Beck, David (1 January 2006). "The emergence of ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac". University of Alberta Working Papers in Linguistics.
  7. ^ Mortensen, Charles Arthur (1994). Nasalization in a revision of Embera-Katio phonology (masters thesis). Arlington: MA thesis, University of Texas.


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