Voiced uvular affricate
| Voiced uvular affricate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɢʁ | |||
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A voiced uvular affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɢ͡ʁ⟩ and ⟨ɢ͜ʁ⟩. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ɢʁ⟩. This affricate also has an affricate ligature ⟨
⟩.
Features
Features of a voiced uvular affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akhvakh | |||||
| Ekagi | gaati | [ɢ͡ʁaːti] | 'ten' | Velar lateral allophone [ɡ͡ʟ] before back vowels.[1] | |
| Tati | Phonemic[2] | ||||
| Kunimaipa | Allophone of [ɢ][3] | ||||
| Persian | Iranian | Allophone of [ɢ][4][5] | |||
See also
References
- ^ Staroverov, Peter; Tebay, Sören (2019). "Posterior Affricate in Mee and Consonant-Vowel Place Interactions". Proceedings of the Annual Meetings on Phonology. 7 (2018). doi:10.3765/amp.v7i0.4481.
- ^ "PHOIBLE 2.0 - Consonant ɢʁ". phoible.org. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ^ "PHOIBLE 2.0 - Consonant ɢ". phoible.org. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
- ^ Nikolaev, Dmitry (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). Western Farsi sound inventory (EA). Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Stanford Phonology Archive (2019). Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (eds.). Western Farsi sound inventory (SPA). Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
