Opuntia
Taxonavigation
| Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales |
|---|
| Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota |
Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Opuntioideae
Tribus: Opuntieae
Genus: Opuntia
Series:
O. ser. Armatae –
O. ser. Chacopuntiae –
O. ser. Curassavicae –
O. ser. Leucotrichae –
O. ser. Nopalea –
O. ser. Opuntia –
O. ser. Pubescentes –
O. ser. Robustae –
O. ser. Scheerianae –
O. ser. Setispinae –
O. ser. Streptacanthae –
O. ser. Strigiles –
O. ser. Sulphureae –
O. ser. Tomentosae –
O. ser. Tunae –
O. ser. Xerocarpeae
Current Species List (contains some synonymy that needs checking):
O. abjecta –
O. aciculata –
O. altomagdalenensis –
O. amarilla –
O. anacantha –
O. anahuacensis –
O. arechavaletae –
O. arenaria –
O. atrispina –
O. auberi –
O. aurantiaca –
O. aurea –
O. aureispina –
O. austrina –
O. azurea –
O. bahamana –
O. basilaris –
O. boldinghii –
O. bonaerensis –
O. bonplandii –
O. bravoana –
O. caboensis –
O. camanchica –
O. canterae –
O. caracassana –
O. cespitosa –
O. chaffeyi –
O. chiangiana –
O. chisosensis –
O. chlorotica –
O. clarkiorum –
O. cochenillifera –
O. colubrina –
O. comonduensis –
O. crassa –
O. crystalenia –
O. cubensis –
O. cuija –
O. curassavica –
O. curvispina –
O. cymochila –
O. deamii –
O. decumbens –
O. dejecta –
O. delafuentiana –
O. depauperata –
O. depressa –
O. discolor –
O. drummondii –
O. echios –
O. eichlamii –
O. elata –
O. elatior –
O. elizondoana –
O. ellisiana –
O. engelmannii –
O. eruca –
O. excelsa –
O. feroacantha –
O. ficus-indica –
O. fortanelli –
O. fragilis –
O. fuliginosa –
O. galapageia –
O. gallegiana –
O. gaumeri –
O. gosseliniana –
O. guatemalensis –
O. guilanchi –
O. helleri –
O. hitchcockii –
O. hondurensis –
O. howeyi –
O. huajuapensis –
O. humifusa –
O. hyptiacantha –
O. inaequilateralis –
O. inaperta –
O. insularis –
O. jaliscana –
O. jamaicensis –
O. joconostle –
O. karwinskiana –
O. kingstoniana –
O. lagunae –
O. lasiacantha –
O. leucotricha –
O. littoralis –
O. lutea –
O. macbridei –
O. mackensenii –
O. macrocentra –
O. macrorhiza –
O. mantaroensis –
O. martiniana –
O. matudae –
O. maxima –
O. megacantha –
O. megapotamica –
O. megarrhiza –
O. megasperma –
O. mesacantha –
O. microdasys –
O. militaris –
O. monacantha –
O. nemoralis –
O. ochrocentra –
O. olmeca –
O. orbiculata –
O. oricola –
O. pachyrrhiza –
O. pailana –
O. parviclada –
O. penicilligera –
O. pennellii –
O. perotensis –
O. phaeacantha –
O. pilifera –
O. pinkavae –
O. pittieri –
O. polyacantha –
O. pottsii –
O. preciadoae –
O. puberula –
O. pubescens –
O. pumila –
O. pusilla –
O. pycnantha –
O. quimilo –
O. quitensis –
O. rastrera –
O. repens –
O. retrorsa –
O. rioplatensis –
O. ritteri –
O. robinsonii –
O. robusta –
O. rufida –
O. rzedowskii –
O. sanguinea –
O. santarita –
O. scheeri –
O. schumannii –
O. setispina –
O. setocarpa –
O. sierralagunensis –
O. soederstromiana –
O. spinulifera –
O. staffordae –
O. stenarthra –
O. stenopetala –
O. streptacantha –
O. stricta –
O. strigil –
O. sulphurea –
O. tapona –
O. tehuacana –
O. tehuantepecana –
O. tezontepecana –
O. tomentosa –
O. tortispina –
O. triacantha –
O. tuna –
O. undulata –
O. urbaniana –
O. velizii –
O. velutina –
O. ventanensis –
O. wilcoxii –
O. zacuapanensis –
O. zamudioi
Nothospecies: O. × aequatorialis –
O. × andersonii –
O. × carstenii –
O. × cervicornis –
O. × charlestonensis –
O. × cochinera –
O. × coloradensis –
O. × columbiana –
O. × debreczyi –
O. × demissa –
O. × edwardsii –
O. × elisae –
O. × lucayana –
O. × occidentalis –
O. × rooneyi –
O. × soumaya –
O. × spinosibacca –
O. × vaseyi –
O. × woodburyi –
O. × wootonii
Note: There are significant differences between CACO (2025) and POWO (2025), however, the former uses an old version of WCVP (POWO) in its synonymies and therefor is out of date.
Name
Opuntia (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754).
- Type species: Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Opuntia No. 2 (1768).
Synonyms
- Basionym
- Cactus [infragen. unranked] Opuntia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 468 (1753).
- Homotypic
- Opuntia [infragen. unranked] Vulgares Engelm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 289, 295 (1856).; Syn. Cact. U. S. 33, 39 (1856).
- Heterotypic
- Terecaulis F.Berge, Buch der Welt: 91 (1842).
- Nopal M.Ocampo, Periód. Soc. Filoiátrica México 1: 71 (1844).
- Nopalea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. ed. II. 63, 233 (1850).
- Type species: Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck
- Cactodendron J.M.Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 3: 102; 4: 7, 11, 3 (1856), nom. inval.
- Opuntia subg. Platyopuntia Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 289-290 (1856).
- Ficindica St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880).
- Nopal Thierry ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 929 (1885), isonym.
- Phyllarthus Neck. ex M.Gómez, Fl. Cuba: 119 (1914).
- Tunas Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 479 (1916).
- Subulatopuntia Frič & Schelle, Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 10 (1935).
- Clavarioidia Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 41 (1935), nom. nud.
- Type species: Clavarioidia clavarioides (Pfeiff.) Kreuz., comb. inval.
- Chaffeyopuntia Frič & Schelle ex Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 42 (1935).
- Plutonopuntia P.V.Heath, Calyx 6(2): 41 (1999), based on Opuntia ser. Chaffeyanae.
References
Primary references
- Miller, P. 1754. The Gardeners Dictionary. containing the methods of cultivating and improving all sorts of trees, plants, and flowers, for the kitchen, fruit, and pleasure gardens, as also those which are used in medicine : with directions for the culture of vineyards, and making of wine in England. In which likewise are included the practical parts of husbandry. Abridged. Ed. 4, Vol. 1–3 (unpaged). John & James Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79061 Reference page.
Additional references
- Anderson, E.F. 2001. The Cactus Family. 776 pp., Portland, OR: Timber Press. ISBN 0-88192-498-9. Reference page.
- Hernández, H.M., Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Bárcenas, R.T., Puente, R. & Reyes-Agüero, J.A. 2014. A checklist of the subfamily Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) from North and Central America. Succulent Plant Research 8: 185-200. ResearchGate Reference page.
- Hunt, D. 2016. CITES Cactaceae Checklist, ed. 3: 1–174. PDF. Reference page.
- Majure, L.C., Puente, R., Griffith, M.P., Judd, W.S., Soltis, P.S. & Soltis, D.E. 2012. Phylogeny of Opuntia s.s. (Cactaceae): clade delineation, geographic origins, and reticulate evolution. American Journal of Botany 99: 847–864.DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100375
Reference page. - Majure L. C. & Puente R. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological evolution in Opuntia s. str. And closely related members of tribe Opuntieae. Succulent Plant Research 8: 9–30. PDF Reference page.
- Oakley, L. & Kiesling, R. 2016. A new series of the genus Opuntia Mill. (Opuntieae, Opuntioideae, Cactaceae) from Austral South America. Haseltonia 2016(22): 22–30. DOI: 10.2985/026.022.0105
PDF Reference page. - Realini, M.F., González, G.E., Font, F., Picca, P.I., Poggio, L. & Gottlieb, A.M. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships in Opuntia (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae) from southern South America. Plant Systematics and Evolution 301(4): 1123-1134. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-014-1154-1 PDF Reference page.
- Segura, S., Scheinvar, L., Olalde, G., Leblanc, O., Filardo, S., Muratalla, A., Gallegos, C. & Flores, C. 2007. Genome sizes and ploidy levels in Mexican cactus pear species Opuntia (Tourn.) Mill. series Streptacanthae Britton et Rose, Leucotrichae DC., Heliabravoanae Scheinvar and Robustae Britton et Rose. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54(5): 1033-1041. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-006-9196-z PDF Reference page.
- Serapio, J., Laguna, E., Gómez-Bellver, C., Domínguez, L.A., Verloove, F. & Sáez, L. 2023. Contribution to the alien flora of the Balearic Islands. Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural 87(1-4): 11-28. PDF Reference page.
- Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017 Online PDF Reference page.
Links
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2024. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Opuntia. Accessed: 2024 December 31.
- Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Opuntia in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 September 03. Reference page.
- Hassler, M. 2024. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Opuntia. Accessed: 31 December 2024.Reference page.
- International Plant Names Index. 2025. Opuntia. Published online. Accessed: 24 September 2025. Reference page.
- Korotkova, N. et al. 2025. Opuntia in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2025 September 03. Reference page.
- Tropicos.org 2024. Opuntia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 31 December 2024. Reference page.
Vernacular names
- Afrikaans: Vykaktus
- беларуская: Апунцыя
- বাংলা: ফণী-মনসা
- Deutsch: Opuntien
- Ελληνικά: Οπουντία, Φραγκόσυκο
- English: Prickly Pears
- español: Chumberas, Nopales, Tunas,
- فارسی: کاکتوس
- suomi: Opuntiat
- français: Cactus Raquettes
- Gaeilge: Piorra deilgneach
- Avañe'ẽ: Urumbe
- hrvatski: Opuncija
- hornjoserbsce: Opuntija
- magyar: fügekaktusz, medvetalpkaktusz
- հայերեն: Տատասկաթզենի
- Ido: Nopalo
- 日本語: ウチワサボテン属
- ქართული: ოპუნცია
- lietuvių: Opuncija
- македонски: Бодликава круша
- Nāhuatl: Nohpalli
- Nederlands: Schijfcactus, Vijgencactus, Vijgcactus
- Diné bizaad: Hosh niteelí
- polski: Opuncja
- پنجابی: چھتر تھور
- Runa Simi: Sintuq
- русский: Опунция
- svenska: Opuntiasläktet
- తెలుగు: నాగజెముడు
- Türkçe: Kaynanadili
- українська: Опунція
- 中文: 仙人掌属
