Centella asiatica

(L.) Urban

Asian pennywort, Indian Pennywort

ApiaceaeLeavesSpice/BeverageScore: 46/100Potential hazards — see below

foodmedicinal

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What to Eat

Edible parts: Leaves, Vegetable, Leaves - tea

The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked — used in salads and curries, or prepared as a vegetable. They have an aromatic flavour, though they can be rather overpowering in salads unless used in small quantities.

Known Hazards

There is a warning that the plant can irritate the skin, though it is also widely used to treat skin complaints. The sensitizing capacity of the raw extract and its triterpenic constituents asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside and madecassic acid has been studied - all were found to be very weak sensitizers; even when applied frequently to damaged skin, the risk of acquiring contact sensitivity is low. The plant is toxic in large overdose or as a result of long-term application. It can produce narcotic effects, headache, vertigo, and, occasionally in sensitive individuals, it may even lead to coma.

Where to Find It

A tropical plant. It is a ground cover plant in old gardens, in light rainforest. It suits humid locations. It grows in wetlands. It often grows along streams and rice paddies. It grows best in sunny, moist, fertile places. It grows in wetlands. In Papua New Guinea it grows mostly up to about 500 m altitude but will probably grow up to 2500 m. It is drought and frost tender. In Nepal it grows to about 2800 m altitude. It needs a temperature above 10°C. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 9-12. In Yunnan.

Africa, American Samoa, Andamans, Argentina, Asia, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Terr., BIOT, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Caribbean, Caucasus, Central America*, Chile, China, Chuuk, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Africa, East Timor, Eswatini, Europe, Fiji, FSM, Guinea, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hawaii, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Marquesas, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, North America, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Paraguay, Philippines, Pohnpei, Puerto Rico, Rotuma, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, SE Asia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sikkim, Singapore, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, Sri Lanka, St Helena, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uruguay, USA, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Africa, West Indies, Zambia, Zimbabwe,

Countries: Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Antigua & Barbuda, Albania, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Austria, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belarus, Belize, Canada, Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Congo (Republic), Switzerland, Cote d'Ivoire, Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, Micronesia, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Grenada, Georgia, French Guiana, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, India, British Indian Ocean Territory, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Comoros, St Kitts & Nevis, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, St Lucia, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Libya, Morocco, Monaco, Moldova, Montenegro, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, North Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Mauritania, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mexico, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Nauru, Niue, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Palau, Paraguay, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, San Marino, Senegal, Somalia, Suriname, South Sudan, Sao Tome & Principe, El Salvador, Syria, Eswatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Tanzania, Ukraine, Uganda, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, St Vincent, Venezuela, Vietnam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How to Identify

A slender perennial plant with creeping stems which root at the nodes. It grows to 10 cm high and spreads to 50 cm across. The stems are creeping and form roots at the nodes. Groups of leaves develop in clumps at the nodes. Leaves are round or heart shaped with a wavy edge. The edge has teeth or indentations along it. The leaves can be 8 cm across, when grown in shady places. The leaves have 7-9 forked veins. The leaf stalks are 6-15 cm long. The stems and flowers are dull red or pink. The flowers are small and occur in small clusters. The fruit is round but flattened. It is very small and 2 mm across.

Nutrition Score: 46/100

Part	Moisture	kJ	kcal	Protein	Vit A	Vit C	Iron	Zinc
Leaves	85	238	58	3	—	—	—	—
Leaves	89.3	143	34	1.6	61	37	3.1	—

How to Grow

New plants can be produced by seeds or by runners. Mostly plants grow and spread naturally. Cuttings or runners are the easiest way to grow the plants.

Propagation: Sow seed in spring in a greenhouse. Prick out seedlings into individual pots when large enough to handle and grow on under cover through their first winter. Plant out in late spring or early summer of the following year, after the last expected frosts. Division is straightforward at any time during the growing season, though spring is probably best. It is advisable to pot up divisions until they are rooting well, though in suitably mild gardens it should be possible to plant them directly into permanent positions.

Medicinal Uses

Gotu kola is an outstandingly important medicinal herb widely used in the Orient and increasingly popular in the West. Its Indian name 'Brahmi' means 'bringing knowledge of the Supreme Reality', and it has long been used there medicinally and as an aid to meditation. It is a useful tonic and cleansing herb for skin problems and digestive disorders, and in India is chiefly valued as a revitalizing herb that strengthens nervous function and memory. The whole plant is alterative, cardio-depressant, hypotensive, weakly sedative and tonic. It is a rejuvenating diuretic herb that clears toxins, reduces inflammations and fevers, improves healing and immunity, improves memory and has a balancing effect on the nervous system. Regular use has been suggested as a possible approach to a wide range of nervous disorders including multiple sclerosis. Recent research shows gotu kola reduces scarring, improves circulatory problems in the lower limbs and speeds healing. It is used internally in the treatment of wounds, chronic skin conditions (including leprosy), venereal diseases, malaria, varicose veins, ulcers, nervous disorders and senility. Caution should be observed, as excess doses cause headaches and transient unconsciousness. Externally it is applied to wounds, haemorrhoids and rheumatic joints. The plant can be harvested at any time of year and used fresh or dried, though one report notes the dried herb quickly loses its medicinal properties and is best used fresh.

Other Uses

Extracts of the plant are added to cosmetic masks and creams to increase collagen and firm the skin.

Wikipedia

Source ↗

Centella asiatica, commonly known as Indian pennywort, Asiatic pennywort, spadeleaf, coinwort or gotu kola, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the flowering plant family Apiaceae. It is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It is consumed as a culinary vegetable and is used in traditional medicine.

Other Information

It is a commercially cultivated vegetable. A minor edible green only occasionally eaten in a few coastal areas in Papua New Guinea. In India it is considered valuable to combat nutritional deficiencies. Leaves are sold in local markets.

Notes

There are about 20-40-50 Centella species. They are tropical. It is considered to have many medicinal and health benefits. It is a functional food. It increases milk supply in nursing women. It has 5.6 mg per 100 g dry weight and 3.0 mg fresh weight of alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E).

Names & Synonyms

Alaiphon, Anampetraka, Babassa, Badmaina, Bai bobo, Bai bua bok, Beng sag, Bolila-ba-linku, Bor manimuni, Bora thulkari, Brahami, Brahma-manduki, Brahmi, Bramhi, Bua bok, Changkongche, Chong amok, Da, Dagu, Darbengbur, Dareta, Daun pegaga, Ding gai cao, Elukachevi, Ghodtapre, Ghortapre, Gidir mamimuni, Goal-pate, Golpatta, Gotu kola, Hang kor chow, Heen gotu kola, Hin-gotukola, Hing, Inyongo, Kalanso, Karinga, Karivana, Khoburwali, Khulakhudi, Kopanig kua, Krimbua, Lambak, Letintfwala, Licubudwane, Mandukaparni, Manimuni, Mariko, Marsh pepperwort, Me kuo luo guo, Mikharing, Mijiupamao, Mochatn-achar, Muthilila, Muthilsopu, Muxa arxa, Myin-kwa-ywet, Naulai, Nguri, Ningkhoi, Nongobozana, Nuoc rau ma, Pak nork, Panuo, Pe-de-cavalo, Pegagan, Peruk, Peruki, Phak nok, Pohe kula, Rau ma dai, Samsata, Saraswataku, Shetafay, Siti muk, Takip-kohol, Talapetraka, Tangkuangteh, Tangkuongteh, Thalkudi, Thankuni, Thol-khuri, Ti togo, Togo, Togotogo, Totodro, Totono, Tselagorgor, Tsubo-kusa, Umamgobozana, Unongotyazana, Vallarai, Vallarei

Centella coriacea Nannf.Hydrocotyle asiatica L.Hydrocotyle erecta L. f.

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