Toddalia asiatica

(L.) Lam.

Cockspur orange, Climbing orange

RutaceaeFruitLeavesSpice/BeverageScore: 15/100

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What to Eat

Edible parts: Leaves, Fruit, Spice

The fruit are crushed and used as a peppery food flavoring, boiled to make soup, or pickled when ripe. All parts of the plant including the leaves are cooked and used for flavoring. The fruit are eaten especially by children, and leaves are sold in local markets.

Where to Find It

It is a tropical plant. Common throughout the islands of the Philippines in secondary forest and virgin forest at low altitudes but up to 1700 m. In Yunnan in China it grows up to 1500 m above sea level. In Swaziland it grows in the low veld only. It grows in the lowlands. In Sichuan. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India.

Africa*, Asia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Central Africa, China, Congo, East Africa, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Northeastern India, Pacific, Philippines, Ryukyu, SE Asia, South Africa, Southern Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe,

Countries: United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Armenia, Angola, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bhutan, Botswana, Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Congo (Republic), Cote d'Ivoire, Cameroon, China, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia, Gabon, Georgia, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Comoros, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Mauritania, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Palau, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Sao Tome & Principe, Syria, Eswatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Tanzania, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How to Identify

A spiny and woody vine. It is a shrub that grows 2-20 m long. The prickles are curved. The leaves are alternate and have 3 leaflets. The leaflets are pointed at both ends. The leaf stalk is 2 cm long. The leaflets are 3-10 cm long by 1-2.5 cm wide. The flowers are small, greenish and borne in large compound flower arrangements. This is 7.5 cm long. Male and female flowers are separate. The fruit are small and borne in fairly large clusters. They can be 3 to 5 angled. The fruit are 5-7 mm across. There are up to 7 seeds. Probably now Zanthoxylum asiaticum

Nutrition Score: 15/100

Part	Moisture	kJ	kcal	Protein	Vit A	Vit C	Iron	Zinc
Fruit	63.5	—	—	1.2	—	22	—	—

How to Grow

Plants can be grown from seeds.

Propagation: Seed - it germinates quickly. Cuttings about 30cm long taken from the growing tips. Place the cuttings in damp sand. A growth hormone can be used to stimulate the development of roots.

Medicinal Uses

The plant is used medicinally by many African peoples, including the Maasai, who use it for malaria, cough, and influenza. The roots contain coumarins that have antiplasmodial activity. Extracts of the plant have demonstrated antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza in the laboratory. The harvest of this slow-growing plant from the wild for medicinal use may cause its populations to decline. Protocols for domestication or propagation of the tree are being researched.

Other Uses

A yellow dye is obtained from the root bark. The leaves contain 0.08% of a valuable essential oil that is used in low-grade perfumery. The oil comprises mainly linalool and citronellal, it has an odour suggesting a mixture of camphor and lemon grass. With its prickles, this species could be used to make a good security barrier.

Other Information

Leaves are sold in local markets. Fruit are eaten especially by children.

Notes

There is only one Toddalia species.

Names & Synonyms

Akar kucing, Areuy beleketebek, Arbagube, Barbariburreed, Chingatti, Dahana, Dauag, Duri kengkeng, Forest pepper, Hujalashang, Jangli-kali-mirchi, Jangli-kalimirch, Jeruk merambat, Kaadumenagu, Kaara-mullu, Kaatukarimilaku, Kaboat, Kada-tod ali, Kaka-toddali, Kanchano, Kanj, Kanra, Kattumilagu, Keizi, Kondakashinda-verupatta, Kondakashinda, Krear kai ngor, Krue ngoo hao, Kulasa, Limri, Lopez root, Main kanra, Maiqiumaile, Manger, Mazhuanteng, Mdongo-nyesi, Milagaranai, Milagarnai, Mirapa-kandra-verupatta, Mirapakandra, Moolacamaymaram, Mrapagandra, Msangalusi, Mullumastigae, Nachi-wagum, Ngu: haux, Pos tsib nuas, Rabet kingking, Rocato, Saphijirik, Shia-sieng-ung, Shint-ma-tet, Sia-soh-sat, Singhanay, Siru kindu mullu annu, Subit, Taklesin, Tiktaksen, Tiktakshein, Tindupara, Tundapora, Tundpora, Wild orange tree, Yerakashida

Paullinia asiatica L.Toddalia aculeata (Smith) Pers.and several others

References (52)

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