Cajanus cajan
(L.) Millsp.
Pigeon pea
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no rights reserved, uploaded by 葉子
(c) fbi-mini, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC)
What to Eat
Edible parts: Seeds, Leaves, Pods, Sprouts, Vegetable
Edible Parts: Leaves Seed Seedpod Shoots Edible Uses: Seed - cooked. Very young seeds can be cooked and eaten like peas, going well in rice dishes. Mature seeds are dried and added to soups and stews. Small but flavourful. The seed may be used instead of soya bean to make tempeh or tofu, and can also be sprouted and eaten when about 25mm long. The seed is usually round or oval and up to 8mm in diameter. Seedpods - cooked. The unripe pods are eaten in curries. The pods are up to 10cm long and 14mm wide. Leaves and young shoots - cooked and used as a vegetable. A strong, spicy odour, with a new flavour that is not agreeable to everyone. A good source of protein. The leaves contain up to 9% protein. The leaves quickly become fibrous. Widely cultivated in all tropical and semitropical regions. An important legume crop of rainfed agriculture in the semiarid tropics. The Indian subcontinent, eastern Africa and Central America are the World's three main pigeon pea-producing regions. Pigeon peas are cultivated in more than 25 countries, either as a sole crop or intermixed with cereals, such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), or maize (Zea mays), or with other legumes, such as peanuts (Arachis hypogaea).
Where to Find It
A tropical plant. Plants require a tropical or subtropical climate. Plants grow from sea level up to about 1800 m in the tropics. They can tolerate drought and are suited to a drier climate. They can grow in places with less than 600 mm rainfall per year. They do less well in the wet tropics. It suffers in waterlogged soils and is damaged by frost. It can also tolerate heat. It will grow on poor soils. It cannot grow on salty soils. It grows to about 2000 m in Nepal. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
Afghanistan, Africa, Andaman Is., Angola, Anguilla, Antigua-Barbuda, Asia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Caucasus, Central Africa, Central African Republic, CAR, Central America, Chad, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo DR, Congo R, Cook Is, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Africa, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Europe, Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guianas, Guinea, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Himalayas, Honduras, India*, Indochina, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marianas, Marquesas, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Middle East, Montserrat, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, North Africa, North America, Northeastern India*, Oman, Pacific, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Rotuma, Rwanda, Sahel, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, SE Asia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, St Lucia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tahiti, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad, Turkey, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Uganda, USA, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, West Africa, West Indies, West Timor, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
How to Identify
An upright perennial shrubby legume. It lives for 3-4 years. They can be up to about 4 m tall and spreads to 1.5 m wide. The stem is erect and branching. It has a bushy appearance. It has a strong deep taproot. The root nodules are round and sometimes lobed. Young stems are angled and hairy. A leaf consists of 3 leaflets. Leaflets are narrow and green with a silvery green underneath. Leaflet size can be 10 cm x 3 cm. The end leaflet is larger with a longer leaf stalk. Flowers are red and yellow. The large petal has red lines. They are pea shaped and on branched flower stalks which stick upwards in the axils of leaves. Pods are long, straight and narrow, often with 4-8 seeds. The pods are slightly hairy. Pods are often 4-8 cm long and have a beak at the end. Pods are constricted between the seeds. Many varieties of pigeon pea occur. Some are dwarf and day length neutral. Seeds vary in shape, size and colour.
Nutrition Score: 73/100
| Part | Moisture | kJ | kcal | Protein | Vit A | Vit C | Iron | Zinc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seeds | 10 | 1449 | 347 | 19.5 | 55 | — | 15 | — |
| Pods young | 64.4 | 477 | 114 | 8.7 | — | — | 2 | — |
| Seeds young boiled | 71.8 | 464 | 111 | 6 | 13 | 28.1 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| Leaves | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sprouts | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
How to Grow
They are grown from seeds. It is best to sow seeds where the plants are to grow. Seeds normally germinate easily and well. Before sowing seed it helps to soak them in cold water for one day. Seeds store well if kept cool and dry. A spacing of 1.5 m x 1.5 m is suitable. Plants can be cut back and allowed to re-grow. Plants can also be grown from cuttings.
Propagation: Seed - sow in situ during the wet season, placing the seed 2 - 3 cm deep in the soil. Two seeds are often planted per station, thinning to the best plant. The seeds germinate at temperatures of 19 - 43°c, but most rapidly at 20 - 30°c. Emergence is complete 2 - 3 weeks after sowing. Vegetative development starts slowly, but after 2 - 3 months growth accelerates.
Medicinal Uses
Anthelmintic Antidiarrhoeal Antitussive Deodorant Diuretic Expectorant Laxative Mouthwash Pectoral Sedative Skin Vulnerary The roots are anthelmintic, sedative, expectorant and vulnerary. An infusion of the leaves is used as a treatment for pulmonary conditions such as coughs and bronchitis. The leaf juice is taken internally in the treatment of haemorrhages, coughs and diarrhoea. An infusion of the leaves, combined with Dactyloctenium aegyptium, is used to accelerate childbirth. Young leaves are chewed to treat boils on the tongue. A decoction is used for washing ulcers. The boiled leaves are applied to sores and wounds to hasten cicatrization. Young shoots and the green seedpods are used to make a good pectoral infusion. An infusion of the flowers and leaves is diuretic and is used as a diabetes remedy. An infusion of the flowers is pectoral. A decoction of the plant is diuretic and laxative. It is used in the treatment of sore throats. An infusion of the seeds is diuretic. A flour made from the seeds is resolutive. Leaf contains cholesterol. The root bark contains numerous flavones including cajaflavanone and cajanone, and triterpenes. The root contains cajanone, an antimicrobial agent. An enzyme called 'urease' can be extracted from the plant. It has medicinal applications.
Other Uses
Basketry Broom Companion Deodorant Essential Fodder Fuel Green manure Hedge Plant support Roofing Shelterbelt Soil reclamation Soil stabilization Thatching Wood Other uses rating: Medium (3/5). Agroforestry Uses: A good green manure crop. The plant has an extensive root system and is often grown to bind soil. It is also grown to provide shelter from the wind. It is also grown as a shade crop, cover crop, or as support for vanilla. Due to its hardiness, ability to grow on residual soil moisture, and slow early growth, this species is an ideal, non-competitive crop to plant with cereals. For hedgerow intercropping, the hedges should be cut at height of 50 - 100cm when the grain crop is fully mature. The hedges can be cut 2 - 3 times a year in areas where the dry season lasts 4 - 6 months. At pod maturity, the branches are cut at about 50cm. Higher levels of pruning can result in higher and unacceptable levels of plant mortality. The root system is reported to break plough pans, thus improving soil structure, encouraging infiltration, minimizing sedimentation and smothering weeds. Leaf fall at maturity adds to the organic matter in the soil and provides additional nitrogen. It seems to have special mechanisms to extract phosphorus from black Vertisol soils. The plant improves the soil through its extensive root system, nitrogen fixation and the mulch provided by the fallen leaves. Other Uses The stems are of use in basketry and thatching. The plants are often used as brooms. An essential oil can be collected by the steam distillation of the leaves and other aerial organs. It contains a mixture of compounds including the terpenoid alpha - copaene. The macerated leaves are used as a deodorant. The wood is used in light construction such as in roofing, wattling on carts, tubular wickerwork lining for wells and baskets. The dried stalks and branches are used for fuel. The sticks are an important household fuel in many areas. The heat value, with 1,450 kJ per 100g, is about half as high as the same weight of coal. Special Uses Attracts Wildlife Carbon Farming Coppice Food Forest Hedge Nitrogen Fixer
Wikipedia
Source ↗Evergreen shrub reaching 4 m tall with fast growth, hardy to UK zone 10. Self-fertile flowers pollinated by bees and insects. Nitrogen-fixing. Tolerates light sandy, medium loamy, and heavy clay soils, including nutritionally poor soil, with good drainage preferred. Grows in mildly acid to very alkaline conditions. Requires full sun, prefers moist soil but tolerates drought.
Production
Plants are fast growing. Pods are ready after 5 months. Mature seeds take about 8 months. Plants will often live for 3-4 years. Plants are cross pollinated by insects, or self pollinated.
Other Information
It is a commercially cultivated vegetable. A crop being tried out in many villages in Papua New Guinea but very popular in many tropical countries especially India and Pakistan. In these countries they are eaten at almost every meal.
Notes
There are 37 Cajanus species.
Names & Synonyms
Adhaki, Aduwa, Ambarivatra, Ambiatry, Ambrevade, Angola pea, Apena, Arhar, Arhar dhal, Arhat, Arhor, Asedua, Atiyi, Bak tua heea, Behiang, Behieng, Belhang, Betleng, Biefoyoo, Bins tikbus, Blofoyoo atii, Bo-chang, Burusu, Caiano, Catjang, Chinchonchillo, Congo pea, Daal, Dahl, Dau-chieu, Dau-sang, De bei nie jian, Dhal, Duiwe-ertjie, Ekilimite, E-konshon, Enkuuku, Feijao-guandu, Frijol chinanteco, Frijol de palo, Gandul, Gandules, Gandures, Glae bue sa, Golobji grah, Guandul, Guandu, Hpunlasi, Phyan, Kacang dal, Kandulu, Klekoun, Kongo-binch, Konsotoge, Lapena, Lapenda, Mbwengwe, Mu do, Mugu tholhi, Muma krire, Mundodzi, Nandolo, Ne qie ke lie, Ngoliolio, No-eye pea, Nzuu, Lothlodi, Orohor, Osungi, Osugina, Otile, Otili, Paltiyu, Pe-sin-gon, Pijonpii, Pois cajun, Puspu-poroto, Rahar, Red gram, Salbuko-geed, Samdaek khloeng, Sewpi, Thekek, Thovaray, Thuvara, Tiyi, Togare, Toor, Tourhea, Tua heea, Tukai, Tur, Tuur, Tuvari, Tuvarika, Tuver, Tuye, Umukuunde, Urhur, Viovio, Voanamberovatry, Wabin butsuka, Waken turuwa, Wando, Wandu, Wenali, Wewof ater, Yepetum
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