Senna tora

(L.) Roxb.

Stinking Cassia, Sickle senna

FabaceaeLeavesSeeds/NutsFlowersScore: 52/100

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What to Eat

Edible parts: Seeds, Pods, Leaves, Vegetable, Flowers

Seeds - cooked or roasted in the pods. They are eaten as a side-dish with rice. The roasted seeds are a coffee substitute. Young, tender leaves and shoots - cooked. They are steamed as a potherb, or cooked and eaten with rice. They contain about 6% protein. The following uses are for the closely related Senna obtusifolia, and probably also apply here. The powdered and fermented leaves are used as a condiment. The leaves are used to make a tea-like infusion. The seeds are occasionally dried and ground into a powder, which is cooked and eaten as a staple food in moderate amounts. As the seeds are reputedly poisonous, cooking or roasting is deemed necessary to make them safe to eat. The seeds contain commercially interesting levels of gums. In India they are collected from wild plants for the industrial extraction of gums (galactomannans) for the food industry.

Where to Find It

A tropical plant. It often grows on the edges of mangrove and coconut plantations. Plants grow near sea level in the tropics. In Nepal it grows to about 1400 m altitude. It grows in rich soil and near river banks. It grows in wetlands. It Indonesia it grows up to 1,000 m above sea level. In tropical Queensland it grows from sea level to 300 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.

Africa, American Samoa, Arabia, Asia, Australia, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central Africa, Central America, China, East Africa, East Timor, Fiji, Gambia, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marquesas, Mauritius, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Northeastern India, Oman, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, Reunion, Rotuma, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, SE Asia, Senegal, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South America, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vietnam, West Africa,

Countries: United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bhutan, Botswana, Belize, Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Congo (Republic), Cote d'Ivoire, Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia, Gabon, Georgia, French Guiana, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Comoros, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Mauritania, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Palau, Paraguay, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Somalia, Suriname, South Sudan, Sao Tome & Principe, El Salvador, Syria, Eswatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Tanzania, Uganda, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How to Identify

An erect, branched herb or shrub. It usually has a bad smell. It can be 0.3-2 m high. It has a sparse covering of small hairs. The stems do not have hairs. The leaves are compound and alternate. They are 5-6 cm long. The leaflets are in 3 pairs. They are oval and 2.5-5 cm long by 1.5-2.5 cm wide. They are broadly rounded at the top and can be wedge shaped at the base. The leaf stalk does not have a gland but the leaf axis has a gland between the lower two pairs of leaflets. The flowers are in the axils of leaves on branched stalks. The flower clusters are short and 2 flowered. There are 5 yellow petals. The petals are 8-10 mm long. The fruit are pods which are 4 angled. They are 10-15 cm long by 4-6 mm wide. They fall without splitting open to release their seeds. The seeds are dark brown and shiny. They are 5 mm long by 2.7 mm wide. The pit on the seed, covers much of the seed face.

Nutrition Score: 52/100

Part	Moisture	kJ	kcal	Protein	Vit A	Vit C	Iron	Zinc
Leaves	82.1	113	27	3.6	—	124	—	—
Seeds	11.64	—	—	32.4	—	—	1.43	—
Stems	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

How to Grow

Plants are grown by seeds.

Propagation: Scarify the seed and pre-soak for 2–3 hours in warm water before sowing from early spring to early summer in a warm greenhouse. Germination usually occurs in 1–12 weeks at 23°C. Prick out seedlings into individual pots once large enough to handle and grow on in the greenhouse, planting out the following spring. Division can be done as growth commences in spring. Alternatively, take cuttings of moderately ripe wood in July in a frame.

Medicinal Uses

The leaves and seeds are anticholesterolemic, antispasmodic, carminative, emollient, hepatic, ophthalmic and purgative. Powdered leaves are used to treat indigestion and stomach pain, and the leaves are applied externally for skin diseases. The seeds contain anthraquinones and naphthopyrones and have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal and hepatic properties. In Korea, the seed is used to treat constipation, oedema, glaucoma and nyctalopia, and to protect the liver. In Nepal, a paste made from the seed is applied externally to treat leucoderma, leprosy and itchy skin. A paste of the roots mixed with lemon juice is applied as a poultice for ringworm. A decoction of the fruit is used to treat fevers.

Other Uses

The seeds (or possibly the pods) are a source of tannin.

Wikipedia

Source ↗

This page is about the Cassia tora described by Linnaeus. Later authors usually applied the taxon to Senna obtusifolia. Senna tora (originally described by Linnaeus as Cassia tora) is a plant species in the family Fabaceae and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Its name is derived from its Sinhala name tora (තෝර). It grows wild in most of the tropics and is considered a weed in many places. Its native range is in Central America. Its most common English name is sickle senna or sickle wild sensitive-plant. Other common names include sickle pod, tora, coffee pod and foetid cassia. It is often confused with Chinese senna or sickle pod, Senna obtusifolia.

Other Information

It is not known if they are used for food in Papua New Guinea.

Notes

There are 100 Cassia species. This group has been revised to a smaller more consistent group. Chemical composition: Moisture = 11.64%. Protein (N x 6.25) = 32.36%. Fat (ether extract) = 5.75%. Carbohydrate (soluble) = 5.56%. Ash = 4.84%. Iron = 1.43%. Phosphorus = 1.50%. Amino acids (u mole/100 mg.): a .Alanine = 17.0. Arginine = 12.0. Asparagine 25.1. Cysteine = 2.2. Glutamine = 36.1. Glycine = 19.7. Histidine = 7.9. Isoleucine = 8.8. Leucine = 17.2. Methionine = 0.2. Methionine sulphonide = - . Phenylalanine = 8.9. Proline = 10.0. Threonine = 10.4. Tyrosine = 5.0. Valine = 12.0. Unidentified = 1.6. Vernacular. Also as Caesalpinaceae.

Names & Synonyms

Adi diga, Bab duli, Bapduli, Bokana, Chakauda, Chakoda, Chakonda, Chakor, Chakowar, Chakramandi, Chakunda, Chak-wad, Charota, Chekenda, Chekor sag, hinjudo, Chirota, Chum het lek, Chum het tai, Dadamari, Danghet chhieng, Dangywe, Dinghkri, Ecancule, Foetid cassia, Hadi diga, Hut, Jambanduro, Java-bean, Jhitkisak, Kaoal, Kasoda, Kasse, Kelbe, Ketepeng, Kovariya, Matkavai, Myay-pe-naw-nam, Ndur, Ngusat, Oosi thagarai, Pamaar, Panevar, Pawad, Peti-tora, Powada, Rahuri, Sano tapre, Sekto, Senavu, Sicklepod, Soru-medelua, Tafasa, Tagarai, Takala, Takla, Tankil, Tantemu, Tantepu kura, Tapre, Tarota, Tarvat, Tarvata, Thagarai, Thakara, Thakattasoppu, Thavara, Tora, Torthan, Turtha, Ulo, Vao pinati, Vaththiyara

Cassia tora L.

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