Prunus persica

(L.) Batsch

Peach

RosaceaeFruitLeavesSeeds/NutsFlowersBark/SapScore: 27/100Potential hazards — see below

foodlandscape architectureornamental

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(c) Colleen, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Colleen

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(c) Andrew Tree, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Andrew Tree

What to Eat

Edible parts: Fruit, Seeds, Flowers, Gum, Leaves

The fruit can be eaten raw, cooked, or dried for later use and is commonly used in ice creams, pies, and jams. Fully ripe fruits of the best cultivars are very juicy with a rich flavour. Wild trees in the Himalayas yield around 36.5kg of fruit per year. The wild fruit contains approximately 5.2% sugars, 2% protein, 1.6% ash, and 2.3mg of vitamin C per 100g, and is a good source of vitamin A — wild peaches are nutritionally richer than cultivated forms. Fruit size varies widely between cultivars and wild forms, reaching up to 7cm in diameter, and contains a single seed. Dried fruit composition per 100g: 350 calories; water 0%; protein 5.5g; fat 1.4g; carbohydrate 90g; fibre 10g; ash 4g; calcium 60mg; phosphorus 135mg; iron 6.5mg; sodium 30mg; potassium 1800mg; vitamin A 3000mg; thiamine (B1) 0.15mg; riboflavin (B2) 0.25mg; niacin 4.7mg; vitamin C 70mg. Flowers can be eaten raw in salads, used as a garnish, or brewed into a tea. Distilled flowers yield a white liquid that imparts a flavour similar to the seed. The seed is edible raw or cooked but should not be eaten if bitter, as it can contain high concentrations of hydrocyanic acid. A semi-drying oil, which may be assumed edible, is obtained from the seed, which contains up to 45% oil. A gum from the stem can be used for chewing.

Known Hazards

Where to Find It

It is a temperate plant. It is native to China. They need a specific cold requirement below 7°C to start flowers and leaves forming but a warm period for fruit ripening. Some low chill varieties are available. It likes a warm sheltered position. It will tolerate mild frosts. Mild hot summers and cool cold winters are best. In Nepal it grows between 1100-2000 m altitude. Some varieties can be grown in some highland regions in the tropics if the leaves are picked off. It needs a pH between 5.7-6.9. In Argentina it grows between 1,000-2,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 5-10. In Yunnan.

Many countries. Africa, Andorra, Argentina, Asia, Australia, Balkans, Bhutan, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caucasus, Central America, Central Asia, China*, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Georgia, Haiti, Himalayas, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Korea, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mediterranean, Mexico, Nepal, North America, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PNG, SE Asia, Sikkim, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, Spain, St Helena, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tibet, Uruguay, USA, Vietnam, West Indies, Zambia,

Countries: Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Antigua & Barbuda, Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bahrain, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belize, Canada, Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Ethiopia, Fiji, Micronesia, France, Grenada, Georgia, French Guiana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Indonesia, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, St Kitts & Nevis, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, St Lucia, Sri Lanka, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Monaco, Montenegro, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Mongolia, Malta, Maldives, Malawi, Mexico, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Palau, Paraguay, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Singapore, Slovenia, Suriname, El Salvador, Syria, Eswatini, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Tanzania, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, St Vincent, Venezuela, Vietnam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How to Identify

A small tree. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 3-8 m tall. It has an open growth habit. The leaves have stalks. These are 5-10 mm long. The leaves are oblong to sword shaped. They have fine teeth along the edge. The leaf blades are 7-15 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. They are acute at the base and taper to the tip. The flowers occur singly. They appear before the leaves. The flowers are small and pink or white. The fruit varies in shape and size. It is round with a groove down the side. It is 5-8 cm across. It is yellow when ripe. It has one hard stone inside with holes in it. There are a very large number of cultivated varieties.

Nutrition Score: 27/100

Part	Moisture	kJ	kcal	Protein	Vit A	Vit C	Iron	Zinc
Fruit - raw	86.2	156	37	0.6	500	8	0.4	0.1
Seeds	4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

How to Grow

It is easily grown from seed. It can be budded. Trees can be grown from seed but do not breed true. It is better to graft. Branches which have borne fruit should be removed to allow new fruit bearing wood to grow.

Propagation: Seed requires 2–3 months of cold stratification and is best sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe. Stored seed is best given 2 months of warm stratification followed by 3 months cold, then sown as early in the year as possible. Protect seed from mice. Germination can be slow, sometimes taking 18 months. Prick seedlings into individual pots when large enough to handle, overwinter in a greenhouse or cold frame, then plant out in late spring or early summer the following year. Cuttings of half-ripe wood with a heel can be taken in July/August in a frame, though success rates are very low. Softwood cuttings from vigorous plants can be taken in spring to early summer in a frame. Layering can be done in spring.

Medicinal Uses

The leaves are astringent, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide, and mildly sedative. They are used internally for gastritis, whooping cough, coughs, and bronchitis, and can help relieve vomiting and morning sickness in pregnancy — though the dosage must be monitored carefully because of the diuretic action. Dried and powdered leaves have been used to help heal sores and wounds. Leaves are harvested in June and July then dried for later use. The flowers are diuretic, sedative, and vermifuge, used internally for constipation and oedema. A gum from the stems is alterative, astringent, demulcent, and sedative. The seed is antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient, haemolytic, laxative, and sedative, used internally for constipation in the elderly, coughs, asthma, and menstrual disorders. The bark is demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, and sedative, used internally for gastritis, whooping cough, coughs, and bronchitis. The root bark is used for dropsy and jaundice. Bark is harvested from young trees in spring and dried for later use. The seed contains laetrile, also called vitamin B17, which has been claimed to have a positive effect in cancer treatment, though current evidence is limited. The pure substance is nearly harmless, but on hydrolysis yields hydrocyanic acid, a fast-acting poison, and should be treated with caution. In small amounts this highly poisonous compound can stimulate respiration, improve digestion, and produce a sense of well-being.

Other Uses

A green dye can be obtained from the leaves (yellow according to one source), and a dark grey to green dye from the fruit. A semi-drying oil from the seed is used as a substitute for almond oil in skin creams. Bruised leaves rubbed inside a container will remove strong odours such as garlic or cloves, provided any grease has first been fully cleaned off. A gum from the stem is used as an adhesive. The species can be used in windbreaks and alley cropping systems.

Wikipedia

Source ↗

A deciduous tree reaching 6 m tall and wide with fast growth. Hardy to UK zone 5, not frost tender. Flowers appear in April with seeds ripening July to August. Hermaphroditic, bee-pollinated flowers are self-fertile. Notable for attracting wildlife. Tolerates light sandy, medium loamy, and heavy clay soils with good drainage. Grows in mildly acid to mildly alkaline pH. Requires full sun and prefers moist soil.

Production

Budded trees commence fruiting in 2 or 3 years. Useful bearing takes 8-10 years. Trees often need zinc and borax sprays. Trees tend to be fairly short lived (20 years).

Other Information

It is a cultivated fruit tree.

Notes

There are about 200 Prunus species.

Names & Synonyms

Aadu, Aaru, Aaruu, Aro, Aru, Atami, Boksanamu, Chekom, Dao, Delaoji mikhri, Durazno, Glae, Ke momo, Kham-bu, Krishi, Likphi-kyanyi-ngu-sa-ngum, Limpentjisi, Melocoton, Me-man, Mfysoki, Mikriashi, Mopeta, Mpiasi, Muberegisi, Nara bogori, Paiso, Pecher, Persico duraznero, Persico, Persik, Peso, Pfirsichbaum, Phai-zong, Piichi, Shaftalu, Shanzi, Tao zi, Tao, Tao he, Thei dakte, Umpentijisi, Yetaozi

Amygdalus persica L.Persica vulgaris Mill.and others

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