Citrus maxima

(Burman) Merr.

Pummelo, Pomelo

RutaceaeFruitLeavesScore: 28/100

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What to Eat

Edible parts: Fruit, Leaves - flavouring

The flesh and juice are edible, and the peel may be candied. It is eaten as a dessert, or used in salads. In the Philippines, a pink beverage is made from pomelo and pineapple juice. In East Asia, especially in Cantonese cuisine, braised pomelo pith is used to make dishes that are high in fibre and low in fat.

Where to Find It

A tropical plant. They thrive in warm lowland areas in the tropics. They can grow from sea level up to 1,300 m. They are tolerant of brackish and salty conditions. They suit humid climates. It suits areas with a rainfall between 1,900-2,400 mm. It is best with a temperature between 23°-30°C. It suits a pH between 5.5-6.5. In the Cairns Botanical Gardens. It suits tropical and subtropical locations. In XTBG Yunnan. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.

Africa, Andamans, Andes, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bougainville, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Africa, Central America, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Africa, East Timor, Ecuador, Europe, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Haiti, Hawaii, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Iran, Ivory Coast, Japan, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Malesia*, Marquesas, Mediterranean, Mexico, Middle East, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, North Africa, North America, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, Rotuma, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, SE Asia*, Sikkim, Solomon Islands, South America, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tahiti, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Türkiye, USA, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Africa, West Indies, Zimbabwe,

Countries: Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Antigua & Barbuda, Albania, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belarus, Belize, Canada, Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Congo (Republic), Switzerland, Cote d'Ivoire, Cook Islands, Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, Micronesia, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Grenada, Georgia, French Guiana, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Comoros, St Kitts & Nevis, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, St Lucia, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Libya, Morocco, Monaco, Moldova, Montenegro, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, North Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Mauritania, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mexico, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Palau, Paraguay, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, San Marino, Senegal, Somalia, Suriname, South Sudan, Sao Tome & Principe, El Salvador, Syria, Eswatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Tanzania, Ukraine, Uganda, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, St Vincent, Venezuela, Vietnam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How to Identify

A spreading, spiny tree. It grows up to 15 m high. It is dome shaped. The leaves are very large. They are glossy and oval and downy underneath. The leaf stalks have broad wings. Young shoots and stems have fine hairs on them. Flowers are large (2 cm) and creamy white. The flowers are produced in bunches from woody shoots. The flowers have a sweet scent. The fruit are oval or pear shaped. The fruit is very large (20 cm) with a thick skin. The skin is dotted with oil glands. The fruit are green but become yellow when ripe. They contain 11-14 segments. The flesh can be pale yellow or pink. Each segment of the fruit is covered by a strong membrane. Some kinds have many seeds, while others are almost seedless. There are several named cultivated varieties.

Nutrition Score: 28/100

Part	Moisture	kJ	kcal	Protein	Vit A	Vit C	Iron	Zinc
Fruit raw	90.3	175	42	0.6	20	37	0.4	—

How to Grow

They are mostly grown from seed, but do not breed true. The seed only produce one seedling unlike many citrus. Trees are often produced by aerial layering, but budding or grafting can be used. Air-layered trees give sweeter fruit. Trees start producing after about 9 years. Trees need to be about 9 m apart. Trees grown away from other trees often produce almost seedless fruit.

Propagation: The seed is best sown in containers as soon as it is ripe, after thoroughly rinsing it. Sow stored seed in containers as soon as possible]. Germination usually takes place within 2 - 3 weeks at 13°c. Seedlings are liable to damp off so they must be watered with care and kept well ventilated. The seed is usually polyembryonic, two or more seedlings arise from each seed and they are genetically identical to the parent but they do not usually carry any virus that might be present in the parent plant. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on until they are 10cm or more tall before planting out into their permanent positions. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, July/August in a frame. This species grows easily from cuttings. Air layering.

Medicinal Uses

Various parts of the tree have traditional medicinal applications, including the leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. They are used to treat a range of conditions, including coughs, fevers and gastric disorders. A decoction of the fresh leaves, in combination with the leaves from some other aromatic species, is used in the treatment of coryza, influenza and headache by inhalation of the vapour from the boiling decoction. A massage using the heated young leaves is an effective treatment for bruises The fruit rind is an effective treatment for dyspepsia, colic and cough, in a daily dose of 4 to 12g in the form of a decoction. The seed envelopes contain pectin, which is a haemostatic. The seeds, stripped of their envelope and charred, are applied externally as a treatment for impetigo.

Other Uses

An essential oil is obtained from the flowers. The aromatic flowers are used to make perfume in Vietnam. The leaves are put into the bath water to add a refreshing aroma. The wood is used for tool handles.

Production

Fruit is produced almost all the year round. The time from flowering to ripe fruit, is about 6 months. Fruit can be stored quite well. A tree may yield 50 fruits.

Other Information

Trees can be seen occasionally in several coastal areas of Papua New Guinea and they are common in New Ireland Province. It is cultivated.

Notes

There are 20 Citrus species. Several hybrids have been formed. The correct name is now Citrus maxima.

Names & Synonyms

Angibe, Banbulhabos, Batabilebu, Bhogate, Buntan, Buoi, Campirimosa, Chakotra, Chakotre, Chari, Foksay, Jamboa, Jambua, Jambura, Jamura, Jeruk Bali, Jeruk besar, Jumbola, Kurkuru, Limau besar, Lukban, Mahanibu, Ma-o, Mattu, Moli kana, Naranja, Nobab, Okabotru, Pains, Pambalimasu, Pampalamasam, Pamparamasam, Pampelmousse, Papnasa, Pohon jeruk bali, Pompelmoes, Riba, Rima rimocho, Sadaphal, Saiseh, Sakkota, Sankatra, Shaddock, Shouk-ton-oh, Soco vi kana, Som-oh, Som-or, Toranja, Toranja criolla, Toronja, Tremo

Aurantium maximum Burm. ex Rumph.Citrus aurantium var. grandis L.Citrus aurantium var. decumana L.Citrus decumana L., nom. illeg.Citrus grandis (L.) OsbeckCitrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.

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