Corchorus olitorius
L.
Jute, Bush Okra
(c) Mike Ross, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Mike Ross
(c) pat, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA)
(c) pat, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA)
What to Eat
Edible parts: Leaves, Seeds, Vegetable, Fruit, Leaves - tea
Young leaves can be added raw to salads, while older leaves and stem tops are cooked as a pot-herb. The leaves are high in protein and quickly become mucilaginous when cooked; they are slimy unless fried. Dried leaves can be used as a thickener in soups, or sun-dried, pounded into flour and stored for a significant period. Leaves and young shoots are normally harvested when about 20–30cm long.
Where to Find It
A tropical plant. It is mostly coastal, below 250 m altitude. Temperatures of 22°-35°C are suitable. It can stand both drought (2-3 weeks) and water-logging, except when young. A well drained soil is best. They require humus-rich soils. A pH of 5.5-7.0 is best, but they can grow in soils with pH up to 8.5. They also need adequate moisture for good leaf production. A rainfall of 1,000 mm is suitable. A high relative humidity (80-90%) is best. It produces seeds when day lengths are short. In Yunnan.
Africa, Angola, Arabia, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Central Africa, Central African Republic, CAR, Chad, China, Congo DR, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Djibouti, East Africa, East Timor, Egypt, Equatorial-Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Europe, Fiji, France, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinée, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Himalayas, India*, Indochina, Indonesia, Israel, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mediterranean, Middle East, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, North Africa, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, Qatar, Reunion, Rwanda, Sahel, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, SE Asia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Turkey, Türkiye, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, UAE, Uganda, USA, Vietnam, West Africa, West Indies, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
How to Identify
An annual herb. It is upright, branching, and slightly woody. Plants vary in height, shape, leafiness and hairiness. Plants grown for leaves are usually only 30 cm tall. They also have many branches. Leaves are shiny and have leaf stalks. The leaves have teeth along the edge. The tips of the lowest leaves in each side, have long bristle like structures. Small clusters of yellow flowers grow in the axils of the leaves. The fruit are ridged capsules. They can be 7 cm long. These have partitions across them between the seeds. A ripe capsules contains 180-230 seeds. The seeds are dull grey and with four faces and one long point. Each seed has one pale line along it.
Nutrition Score: 61/100
| Part | Moisture | kJ | kcal | Protein | Vit A | Vit C | Iron | Zinc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves raw | 80.4 | 244 | 58 | 4.5 | 6410 | 80 | 7.2 | — |
| Leaves cooked | 87.2 | 155 | 37 | 3.4 | 156 | 33 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
How to Grow
Plants grow well in the lowland tropics, up to an elevation of around 700 metres. They are reported to tolerate an annual precipitation between 400 and 4290mm, an annual average temperature range of 16.8 to 27.5°c. Prefers a very fertile, humus-rich, well-drained alluvial soil, though it is extremely tolerant of soil conditions. It grows best in a hot humid climate. Tolerates very wet conditions according to one report whilst another says that it does not tolerate waterlogged soils. Some cultivars are sensitive to excess water in the soil, especially when they are young. Tolerates a pH in the range of 4.5 to 8.2. There are two important cultivar-groups:- Olitorius Group. These are the forms mainly grown for their edible leaves. They are characterized by a plant height lower than 2 metres, often not more than 1 metre, and a more or less heavily branched plant habit. There are many named forms within this group. Textilis Group. These are the forms mainly grown for their fibre. The plants are usually larger, up to 4 metres, perhaps even 5 metres tall, and only slightly branched at the top. The first harvest, by cutting shoots 20 - 30cm long, may take place 4 - 6 weeks after transplanting, at a height of 10 - 20cm above the ground. This cutting stimulates the development of side shoots. Subsequently, every 2 - 3 weeks, a cutting may take place, with a total of 2 - 8 cuttings possible. For a once-over harvest from a direct sown crop, the plants are uprooted or cut at ground level when they are 30 - 40cm tall, 3 - 5 weeks after emergence and before the development of fruits. In Nigeria, a yield of 20 - 25kg from a 10 square metre bed (25 tonnes per hectare) may be expected from 3 - 9 cuttings of 'Amugbadu' during a period of 3 - 4 months. A yield of 38 tonnes per hectare was obtained from a well-fertilized field of cultivar 'Ewondo' in the Cameroon. Farmers however, usually obtain average yields of 5 - 15 tonnes. The world average jute yield is about 1.9 tonnes of raw fibre per hectare, but yields of 5 tonnes have been obtained in Bangladesh with improved cultivars grown under optimal agronomic conditions. Intercropped with Vigna, jute has yielded 3,270 kilos compared to 2290 kilos when monocropped. A commercially cultivated vegetable and an important vegetable in arid areas. Part of the national dish of Egypt.
Propagation: Pre-soak seed for 24 hours in warm water, then sow in situ. Seeds are often broadcast into fine seedbeds at the beginning of the wet season; mixing them with sand helps achieve even distribution. Seeds can be slow to germinate, but soaking in hot water can help overcome this. A spacing of 20–30cm between plants is suitable.
Medicinal Uses
The leaves are demulcent, diuretic, febrifuge and tonic, and are used to treat chronic cystitis, gonorrhoea and dysuria. A cold infusion is said to restore appetite and strength. The seeds are purgative. Injections of olitoriside, an extract from the plant, markedly improve cardiac insufficiencies without cumulative effects, and may serve as a substitute for strophanthin.
Other Uses
The stems yield jute fibre, considered inferior to that from C. capsularis. The fibre is somewhat coarse and used mainly for sackcloth. This species tends to branch, complicating fibre extraction; planting closely together reduces branching. When used for papermaking, the fibres are cooked for 2 hours with lye and ball milled for 4½ hours, producing a grey or buff paper. The very light, soft wood is used to make sulphur matches.
Wikipedia
Source ↗Jute mallow or Jew's mallow or Mallow leaves or Nalita jute (Corchorus olitorius, also known as "Jute leaves", "Tossa jute", "Mloukheyeh" "muteezi", "lunkomba", "ewedu" and "West African sorrel") is a species of shrub in the family Malvaceae. Together with C. capsularis it is the primary source of jute fiber. The leaves and young fruits are used as a vegetable, the dried leaves are used for tea and as a soup thickener, and the seeds are edible.
Production
First leaves can be harvested after 5-6 weeks. Tips about 20-30 cm long are picked. Production of edible green tips, is not large. 7-8 kg of leaf tips can be harvested from 3-8 pickings over 3-4 months. Seeds can be collected after 13-15 weeks. If seeds of a particular variety are desired, it is necessary to grow these plants 16 m away from other plants, to avoid cross pollination. Seeds can be stored for 8-12 months in well sealed jars.
Other Information
It is a commercially cultivated vegetable. An important vegetable in arid areas. It may not be used a lot in Papua New Guinea. It is a part of the national dish of Egypt. Leaves are sold in local markets.
Notes
There are about 100 Corchorus species. They are also put in the family Tiliaceae.
Names & Synonyms
Ahu hara, Amolate, An-kin-kiri, An-kirin-kirin, Atigo, Atigo-agywa, Alilot, Awachuwaey, Awengdeg, Ayaak, Ayitop, Banpat, Bir narcha, Bogi, Bulukutu, Chench koha, Chichuria, Chilenzi, Chow, Daisee, Delele, Delelupfumo, Demain, Derere, Desipat, Dongo dongo, Enmomi, Ewedu, Eyo, Fetri, Filipino spinach, Fotokani, Fouam, Foukou, Gon-shaw, Grenguere, Guse, Gusha, Gwisha, Hololoqota, Idelele, Igogola, Jew's mallow, Jute mallow, Kaat thoothee, Kapilamoto, Kepotugunta, Kibwando, Kilankozolo, Krachaw, Krenkre, Krinkrin, Kudera, Kudowa, Kudra, Laliaq, Larita, Lemgambelle, Ligusha, Long fruited Jute, Lusaka-saka, Lusakalusaka, Malafiya, Malok, Mangaraw, Mara, Melokhia, Mentchelfale, Mithapat, Mlenda mgunda, Molukhia, Morapat, Moroheia, Msakasaka, Muhliye, Mulakhiyah, Mulembo, Mulugaya, Muomi pinpesi, Murere, N genge, N gengle, N'sore, Nainnouwi, Nalta jute, Nkuruma, Nyankajang, Nyenje, Othigu-kal, Otigo diri, Oyo, Parinta, Pasau, Pata, Pat shak, Pee-la-ka, Philippine okra, Pilaw-apo, Pilaw-chun, Pilaw-kha, Pilaw-thon-lon-byut, Po krachao, Rau day, Saluyut, Sanpat, Sigli, Singli, Sobe, Sobo, Sokeria, Sokorya, Sore, Soren, Sorre, Spanish okra, Tifaanti, Tifanhanti, Tipanoussante, Tita pat, Tossa jute, Tossa paat, Turgunnuwa, Udhing, Unsore, Vaizahrui, Valakotha keerai, West African sorrel, Yangui, Yoyo, Yute
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