Agaricus subrufescens

Preliminary research indicates Agaricus products may have toxic effects on liver function marked by increased serum level of liver enzymes, especially in people with ovarian cancer, and may cause allergic reactions. Contrary to concerns about possible hepatotoxicity, multiple peer-reviewed studies suggest that A. subrufescens (A. blazei Murill) exhibits hepatoprotective effects rather than toxicity in both human and animal models. Clinical Study in Hepatitis B Patients: A 12-month open-label clinical study observed that 1,500 mg/day of A. blazei extract significantly reduced serum liver enzyme levels (ALT and AST) in chronic hepatitis B patients, indicating improved liver function without any adverse effects. No liver toxicity or renal abnormalities were reported in the patients throughout the study period. Animal Studies on Alcohol and CCl4-Induced Liver Injury: Experimental models in rats demonstrated that ABM extract has protective and antioxidant effects against liver injury caused by alcohol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). These studies reported normalization of liver enzymes, increased antioxidant levels (GSH, vitamins C and E), and reduced lipid peroxidation, without evidence of liver toxicity. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued warning letters to companies marketing Agaricus supplement products with unproven health claims of suggesting disease treatment or prevention, but these actions were based on regulatory compliance and not on evidence of toxicity.