Rumex crispus

Sour dock, Curled dock, Yellow dock

PolygonaceaeLeavesRootsSeeds/NutsScore: 76/100Potential hazards — see below

fodder

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(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman

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(c) Thayne Tuason, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)

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(c) Joseph Knight, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Joseph Knight

What to Eat

Edible parts: Leaves, Seeds, Stalks, Roots, Vegetable

The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked and can also be dried for later use. They may be added to salads, cooked as a potherb, or added to soups. Only the youngest leaves should be used — ideally before the stems have developed — as even these are likely to be bitter. Leaves harvested in early spring and autumn tend to be the most palatable. The leaves are very rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly iron and vitamins A and C. Per 100g fresh weight: 21 calories; water 92.6%; protein 1.5g; fat 0.3g; carbohydrate 4.1g; fibre 0.9g; ash 1.5g; calcium 74mg; phosphorus 56mg; iron 5.6mg; vitamin A 1.38mg; thiamine (B1) 0.06mg; riboflavin (B2) 0.08mg; niacin 0.4mg; vitamin C 30mg. The stems can also be eaten raw or cooked, and are best peeled with the inner portion consumed. The seeds can be eaten raw or cooked — used as a piñole or ground into flour for pancakes and similar foods, though they are very fiddly to harvest and prepare. The roasted seed has also been used as a coffee substitute.

Known Hazards

It can be used as a wild leaf vegetable; the young leaves should be boiled in several changes of water to remove as much of the oxalic acid in the leaves as possible or can be added directly to salads in moderate amounts. Once the plant matures it becomes too bitter to consume. Dock leaves are an excellent source of both vitamin A and vitamin C, as well as a source of iron and potassium. Curly Dock leaves are somewhat tart due to the presence of high levels of oxalic acid, and although quite palatable, this plant should only be consumed in moderation as it can irritate the urinary tract and increase the risk of developing kidney stones. It should be used with care during lactation, as it may cause a laxative effect in the infant. In Armenia the young plants are harvested and dried and to make a product called Aveluk (ավելուկ). During drying fermentation takes place to make it less bitter. The dried plants are braided into rings and sold. Aveluk is used extensively in Armenian cookery as the basis of salads and soups for which it is reconstituted by boiling in water. The seeds of the yellow dock, once dried thoroughly, are edible as well. The dark-brown to black seed pods remain on the stalk until the spring when leaves start growing again. While many wild foraged grains must be winnowed, the pods of Rumex crispus are small enough that it is more efficient to grind them with the grain. The resulting flour is much like buckwheat in flavor, and while some may find it too bitter, many prefer the seeds over the tartness of the leaves. In Western herbalism, the root is often used for treating anemia, due to its high level of iron. It can be powdered and given in capsules, often in combination with stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). This is a classic combination with the plant. Both the leaves and root may be laxative in some individuals, though not in all, and generally it is mild. This is due to the presence of anthroquinone glycosides, and is not an action that should be relied upon, but seen as a possible effect of the plant when taken. The plant may also cause intestinal discomfort to some people. The plant will help with skin conditions if taken internally or applied externally to things like itching, scrofula, and sores. Some studies show that certain anthroquinones can help stop or slow cancer growth, but this may or may not apply to the ones in yellow dock. Yellow dock is part of the homeopathic pharmacopoeia. It is used mainly for respiratory conditions, specifically those with a tickling cough that is worse when exposed to cold air. It mentions also passing pains, excessive itching, and that it helps enlarged lymphs. The Zuni people apply a poultice of the powdered root to sores, rashes and skin infections, and use infusion of the root for athlete's foot.

Where to Find It

It is a temperate plant. It often grows self sown in waste ground. It can grow in cobble beach shores. It can grow in waterlogged soil and survive being covered with water in floods. It grows in wetlands. In Zimbabwe it grows between 1,220-1,700 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 3,700 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium. In Inner Mongolia. It grows in Sichuan and Yunnan.

Afghanistan, Africa, Andes, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Asia, Australia, Bahamas, Balkans, Bangladesh, Bosnia, Brazil, Britain, Cameroon, Canada, Caucasus, Central Africa, Central America, Central Asia, Chile, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, East Africa, Easter Island, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, Europe, Falklands, Georgia, Haiti, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kosovo, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Lord Howe Island, Liberia, Lbya, Macedonia, Macquarie Island, Mediterranean, Mexico, Middle East, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, North Africa, North America, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, SE Asia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, Spain, St Helena, Tajikistan, Tasmania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Türkiye, Uruguay, USA, Vietnam, West Africa, West Indies, Zimbabwe,

Countries: Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Antigua & Barbuda, Albania, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belarus, Belize, Canada, Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Congo (Republic), Switzerland, Cote d'Ivoire, Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, Micronesia, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Grenada, Georgia, French Guiana, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Comoros, St Kitts & Nevis, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, St Lucia, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Libya, Morocco, Monaco, Moldova, Montenegro, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, North Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Mauritania, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mexico, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Nauru, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Poland, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Palau, Paraguay, Qatar, Romania, Serbia, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, San Marino, Senegal, Somalia, Suriname, South Sudan, Sao Tome & Principe, El Salvador, Syria, Eswatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Tanzania, Ukraine, Uganda, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, St Vincent, Venezuela, Vietnam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

How to Identify

An erect herb. It can grow up to 1 m tall. It keeps growing from year to year. The leaves are smooth. They are sword shaped or oblong and up to 30 cm long. They are wavy along the edges. The leaves at the base are larger with larger leaf stalks. The flowers are very small. They are greenish. They are crowded in rings on a branched flower stalk. The flowering stems can be 1.2 m high. The fruit is dry and one seeded. It is 3 angled. The seed valves are broad and 4-6 mm long. They do not have spines.

Nutrition Score: 76/100

Part	Moisture	kJ	kcal	Protein	Vit A	Vit C	Iron	Zinc
Seeds	8.6	1750	427	13.4	—	—	56.2	6.6
Leaves - boiled	93.6	84	20	1.8	347	26.3	2.1	0.2
Leaves dry	—	—	32	—	—	—	—	—

How to Grow

Succeeds in most soils, preferring a moist moderately fertile well-drained soil in a sunny position. The plant does not need any help in growing, it is doing very nicely in Britain where it is a serious weed of agriculture. A very important food plant for the caterpillars of many species of butterfly. In garden design, as well as the above-ground architecture of a plant, root structure considerations help in choosing plants that work together for their optimal soil requirements including nutrients and water. Thick or swollen - fibrous or tap root.

Propagation: This plant does not require any assistance with propagation.

Medicinal Uses

Curled dock has a long history of domestic herbal use. It is a gentle and safe laxative, less powerful than rhubarb, making it particularly useful for treating mild constipation. The plant also has valuable cleansing properties and is useful across a wide range of skin problems. All parts can be used medicinally, though the root is the most active. The root is alterative, antiscorbutic, astringent, cholagogue, depurative, laxative, and mildly tonic, and was historically sold as a tonic and laxative. Depending on dose, harvest time, and the relative concentrations of tannins and anthraquinones, it can either cause or relieve diarrhoea. It is used internally for constipation, diarrhoea, piles, bleeding of the lungs, various blood complaints, and chronic skin diseases. Externally, the root can be mashed and used as a poultice or salve, or dried and powdered for use as a dusting powder on sores, ulcers, wounds, and other skin problems. The root has also been used with positive effect to slow the progression of cancer, employed as an alterative and tonic. The root is harvested in early spring and dried for later use. Excess doses can cause gastric disturbance, nausea, and dermatitis, so some caution is advised. The seed is used in the treatment of diarrhoea. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh root harvested in autumn before frost, used specifically in the treatment of one particular type of cough.

Other Uses

Yellow, dark green to brown, and dark grey dyes can be obtained from the roots without the need for a mordant. The plant is also an alternative ingredient in 'QR' herbal compost activator, a dried and powdered mixture of herbs added to a compost heap to stimulate bacterial activity and shorten the composting process.

Wikipedia

Source ↗

Rumex crispus, the curly dock, curled dock or yellow dock, is a perennial flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to Europe and Western Asia.

Production

Plants can flower 9 weeks after germination. Plants grow in winter and spring and flower in response to increasing daylength.

Other Information

Leaves are sold in local markets.

Notes

There are about 200 Rumex species.

Names & Synonyms

Acedera crespa, Adameveligi, Alabardagi, Arnazas, Arracachueco, Auru acitu, Aveluk, Azeda-crespa, Cama-roges, Ebe kuzulagi, Evelik, Ghvalo, Halhale sag, Hualtata, Hummaid, Huragan qihi, Kalar-chinbaung-nge, Krulzuring, Labaca-crespa, Labada, Langua de vaca crespa, Lapazzu, Lengua de caballo, Lechugon, Lenguaiguay, Lidvololenkhonyane, Lingua-devaca, Luerduo, Niushetou, Paradella, Romaza, Rombice, Rombicia, Romice, Sabuna leglege, Shtavej, Som, Sopal, Sorijaengi, Sumaksevaqi, Tarsho, Tǝrsho, Turso, Trshoke, Vinagrella, Yedahuang

Acetosa conglomerata (Murray) M. GomezRumex conglomeratus Murray

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