Physalis peruviana
L.
Cape gooseberry
(c) lorenzodotti, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by lorenzodotti
(c) Sonja Bouwman-Gringhuis, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Sonja Bouwman-Gringhuis
(c) Cesar Ormazabal, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Cesar Ormazabal
What to Eat
Edible parts: Fruit, Leaves, Vegetable
The fruit can be eaten fresh or cooked into pies, cakes, jellies, compotes, and jams. It has a pleasant bitter-sweet flavour, with smaller but sweeter fruits than the cultivar 'Edulis'. Dried fruit can serve as a raisin substitute, though it is less sweet. The dried fruit is also said to be a substitute for yeast. Each berry is about 2cm in diameter and is rich in vitamin A (3000 I.U. of carotene per 100g), vitamin C, and several B vitamins including thiamine, niacin, and B12; protein and phosphorus levels are exceptionally high for a fruit. Each fruit is naturally enclosed in its own papery calyx, protecting it from pests and the elements — this calyx is toxic and must not be eaten. Fruits picked carefully with the calyx intact can be stored for three months or more.
Known Hazards
Where to Find It
A temperate plant. It grows in the tropical highlands. It suits warm climates. It does best in warm sunny conditions. It needs well drained soil. It is best free from severe frosts and strong winds. In Nepal it grows between 900-2200 m altitude. Plants are not killed by a slight frost. In Indonesia plants are found between 700-2300 m altitude but fruit best above 1500 m. In the Andes it grows between 2,000-2,800 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 8-10. Tasmania Herbarium. In Yunnan.
Africa, Andes*, Angola, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Britain, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Central Africa, Central African Republic, CAR, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Congo DR, Congo R, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, East Africa, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Europe, Fiji, France, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Haiti, Hawaii, Himalayas, Hungary, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Marquesas, Mauritius, Mediterranean, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, North America, Northeastern India, Pacific, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, SE Asia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Southern Africa, South America, South Sudan, Spain, St Helena, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Uganda, USA, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, West Africa, West Indies, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
How to Identify
Perennial herbs which grow to 45-90 cm high. They are often grown as annuals. It is only slightly branched but is hairy. The branches are purplish and ribbed. They are spreading. The leaf blade is 6-15 cm long by 4-10 cm wide. The leaves are heart shaped at the base and taper to the tip. They are slightly wavy and toothed along the edge. The flowers occur singly and hang down in the axils of leaves. The flowers are white with violet anthers and slightly spotted petals. The fruit is a berry 1-1.5 cm across. They are orange-yellow or pale brown. This is inside an inflated husk. The seeds are yellow and 2 mm across. There are several named cultivated varieties.
Nutrition Score: 46/100
| Part | Moisture | kJ | kcal | Protein | Vit A | Vit C | Iron | Zinc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit mature | 84.2 | 201 | 48 | 2 | 1200 | 30 | 1.5 | — |
How to Grow
Succeeds in a sheltered position in any well-drained soil in full sun or light shade. Prefers a rich loam but tolerates poor soils. If the soil is too rich it encourages leaf production at the expense of fruiting. Plants tolerate a pH in the range 4.5 to 8.2. The Cape Gooseberry is an evergreen shrub in its native environment. It is not very cold-hardy in Britain, however, though it can succeed outdoors as a herbaceous perennial in the mildest areas of the country or when grown in favoured positions such as the foot of a sunny wall. Some cultivars will tolerate temperatures down to about -10° when grown in this way. It would be wise to apply a good protective mulch to the roots in late autumn after the top growth has been cut back by frosts. In most areas of Britain, however, it needs to be grown as an annual in much the same way as tomatoes. The plant is usually naturally bushy, but it can be useful to pinch out the growing tip whilst the shoots are less than 30cm tall in order to encourage side shoots. This species is often cultivated for its edible fruit in warm temperate and tropical zones; there are some named varieties. 'Edulis' is the most common cultivar in Britain; it has considerably larger fruits than the species, but these do not have quite such a good flavour. Yields of 20 tonnes per hectare are common in S. America, 33 tonnes has been achieved. Groundcherry is generally self-fertile. The fruit is typically harvested in late summer to early autumn (August to October in Northern Hemp.) when the husks turn brown and the fruits drop to the ground. Ground cherry usually flowers in late spring to summer. It grows moderately and typically matures about 100 to 120 days after sowing.
Propagation: Sow seed in March or April in a greenhouse, barely covering it. Germination is usually quick and reliable; diurnal temperature fluctuations help. Prick seedlings into individual pots of fairly rich soil once large enough to handle, then plant out after the last expected frost, with cloche protection if needed until established. Division can be done in spring without digging up the whole plant — remove young shoots growing from the side of the clump, ensuring a section of below-ground stem is included. Shoots with some roots attached are ideal, but rootless shoots will develop new roots fairly quickly if potted up and kept for a few weeks in a shady, humid part of the greenhouse.
Medicinal Uses
Leaf juice has been used to treat intestinal worms and bowel complaints. The plant also has diuretic properties.
Other Uses
Groundcherry can be used as a companion plant, attracting pollinators and beneficial insects while also providing ground cover. Its flowers produce nectar that draws bees and butterflies. The fruit provides food for wildlife including birds and mammals. The foliage and surrounding leaf litter offer shelter and overwintering sites for beneficial insects and other invertebrates, supporting a more biodiverse growing environment.
Wikipedia
Source ↗Physalis peruviana is a species of plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) native to Chile and Peru. Within that region, it is called aguaymanto, uvilla or uchuva, in addition to numerous indigenous and regional names. In English, its common names include Cape gooseberry, goldenberry and Peruvian groundcherry. The history of Physalis peruviana cultivation in South America can be traced to the Inca Empire. It has been cultivated in England since the late 18th century, and in South Africa in the Cape of Good Hope since at least the start of the 19th century. Widely introduced in the 20th century, Physalis peruviana is now cultivated or grows wild across the world in temperate and tropical regions.
Production
Plants produce in 1 year. A single plant can produce 300 fruit. Fruit can be stored for several months in dry conditions.
Other Information
It is a commercially cultivated vegetable. The fruit are popular especially with children.
Notes
There are about 75-100 Physalis species.
Names & Synonyms
Aguaymanto, Appelliefie, Awxetecha, Aztec berry, Bari-papaton, Bolsa de amor, Bosiya, Buddabasara, Buhkol, Butuanyil, Buufu, Capuli, Cecendet badak, Ceplukan, Cereza del Peru, Chinese lantern, Chirboti, Chirput, Chunchoch, Deng long guo, Donam as, Entutu, Entutunu, Etagoli loapolon, Giant ground cherry, Gobbayas, Golden berry, Goldenberry, Gongor, Gooseberry-tomato, Guchavo, Gudde hannu, Gumbais, Gusboeri, Habit bokbok, Harankash, Hawteta, Hozuki, Hpaung-hpaung-ti, Inca berry, Jam, Jamo, Jamu, Jangali mewa, Kala-myetsi-pinzauk-gyi, Kamaigomara, Karimpotti, Khaokhashi, Korelashii, Lobo-lobahan, Loliy, Luketa karma, Maree'ra, Mchupwa, Mewar rashberry, Moti popti, Motojobobo embolsado, Msupu, Mtumbua, Murungudane, Nsongwa, Ntongo, Ntuntunu, Ntuutu, Pa'ina, Perijsko volčje jabolko, Peruvian ground-cherry, Peruvian-cherry, Phopti, Poha, Pok pok, Ras bhari, Rasbharry, Sambaruf, Shawa, Songwa, Subba ruufoo, Tankari, Te baraki, Tepari, Thamungwal, Thebong kang, Tholtakkali, Tipari, Tipariya, Tongogwai, Tunaye, Uchuba, Uchuva, Uvilla, Vejigon, Voanaka, Xoosi
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