Pinaceae
128 species
Conifer family including pines, firs, spruces; major timber source and valuable seed-bearing plants.
Abies alba
Silver fir, European silver fir
Edible: Inner bark
Abies amabilis
Amabilis fir, Cascades fir, Pacific Silver fir
Edible: Leaves - tea, Bark
Abies balsamea - (L.)Mill.
Balsam Fir
Edible: Inner bark Shoots
Abies cilicica
Edible: Seed
Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica
Edible: Sap
Abies concolor - (Gordon.&Glend.)Lindl. ex Hildebrand.
Colorado Fir, White fir
Abies firma
Momi fir, Japanese fir
Edible: Seeds
Abies fraseri
Fraser fir
Edible: Inner bark, Gum
Abies grandis
Giant fir, Grand fir, Lowland fir
Edible: Shoots - tea, Bark
Abies lasiocarpa - (Hook.)Nutt.
Subalpine Fir, Alpine Fir
Edible: Inner bark Seed Seedpod Shoots
Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani
Edible: Seed, Sap
Cedrus libani
Cedar of Lebanon
Edible: Manna
Larix decidua
European larch, Common larch
Edible: Sap, Manna, Bark, Gum
Larix laricina - (Du Roi.)K.Koch.
Tamarack, Hackmatack, American Larch
Edible: Leaves, Shoots
Larix lyallii
Sub-Alpine Larch
Edible: Leaves, Shoots
Larix occidentalis
Western Larch
Edible: Manna, Sap
Picea abies
Norway spruce, Common spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea, Shoots, Resin, Gum
Picea asperata
Chinese spruce, Yu shan, Dragon spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea balsamifera
Fir
Edible: Bark
Picea brachytyla
Sargent spruce, Miao diao shan
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea breweriana
Weeping spruce, Brewer Spruce, Brewer's weeping spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea engelmannii
Mountain spruce, Engelmann spruce, Columbian spruce
Edible: Seeds, Bark
Picea glauca
Dwarf Alberta Spruce, White Spruce
Edible: Flowers, Gum, Inner bark, Seeds, Seedspod, Tea
Picea glehnii
Sakhalin spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea jezoensis
Yezo spruce, Yeddo spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, for Tea
Picea mariana
Black spruce, Bog spruce, Swamp spruce
Edible: Drink, Flowers, Gum, Inner bark, Seeds, Seedspod, Tea
Picea omorika
Serbian spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea orientalis
Caucasian spruce, Oriental spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea, Resin
Picea pungens
Blue spruce, Colorado spruce, Silver spruce
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea purpurea
Purple-coned spruce, Zi guo yun shan
Edible: Flowers, Inner bark, Seeds, Tea
Picea rubens
Red spruce, Eastern spruce, Yellow spruce, He-balsam
Edible: Flowers, Gum, Inner bark, Leaves, Seeds, Tea
Picea sitchensis
Sitka spruce, Coast spruce, Tideland spruce, Alaska spruce
Edible: Flowers, Gum, Inner bark, Seeds, Seedspod, Tea, Shoots
Picea smithiana
Morinda spruce, West Himalayan spruce
Edible: Flowers, Gum, Inner bark, Seeds, Seedspod, Tea
Pinus albicaulis
Whitebark Pine, Alpine Pine
Edible: Inner bark, Seeds, Nut
Pinus aristata
Bristle-cone pine, Colorado bristlecone pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus armandii
Chinese white pine, Armand's pine, David's pine
Edible: Seeds, Nut, Leaves
Pinus ayacahuite
Mexican white pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus banksiana
Jack pine
Edible: Flowers, Seeds, Bark
Pinus brachyptera
Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine
Edible: Bark
Pinus brutia
Cam, Calabrian pine, Turkish pine
Edible: Seeds, Resin - chewed
Pinus bungeana
Lace-bark pine, Bai pi song
Edible: Seeds
Pinus californiarum
Edible: Seeds
Pinus caribaea
Caribbean pitch pine, Cuban pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus cembra
Arolla pinetree, Swiss stone pine, Siberian cedar
Edible: Seeds, Seeds - oil, Male flowers
Pinus cembra sibirica - (DuTour.)Krylov
Siberian Pine
Edible: Oil, Seed
Pinus cembra var. siberica
Siberian pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus cembroides
Mexican pinyon, Mexican Nut Pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus cembroides orizabensis
Mexican Pine Nut
Edible: Inner bark Seed
Pinus cembroides subsp. lagunae
Edible: Seeds
Pinus cembroides subsp. orizabensis
Mexican pine nut
Edible: Seeds
Pinus cembroides var. lagunae
Laguna nut pine
Pinus clausa
Sand pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Needles - tea, Bark - flour
Pinus contorta
Beach Pine, Lodge Pole Pine, Shore Pine
Edible: Seeds, Wood, Bark, Gum, Shoots, Leaves - tea
Pinus contorta var. murrayana
Murray lodgepole pine
Edible: Bark, Gum
Pinus coulteri
Coulter pine, Big-cone Pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus culminicola
Cerro potosi pinyon
Edible: Seeds
Pinus densiflora
Japanese red pine, Japanese umbrella pine
Edible: Fruit for drink, Seeds, Leaves - flavouring, Bark - flavouring
Pinus discolor
Border Pinyon
Edible: Seeds
Pinus echinata
Short-Leaf Pine
Pinus edulis
Pinyon Pine, Pine nut
Edible: Seeds, Bark, Resin
Pinus elliottii
Slash pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Needles, Bark
Pinus engelmannii
Apache pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Flowers, Bark, Leaves - tea
Pinus flexilis
Limber Pine, Rocky mountain white pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus gerardiana
Nepal nut pine
Edible: Seeds, Nut
Pinus halepensis
Aleppo Pine, Jerusalem pine
Edible: Seeds, Sap, Shoots, Leaves, Male cones
Pinus heldreichii
Edible: Shoots
Pinus henryi
Pinus jeffreyi
Jeffrey pine, Yellow pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus johannis
Johann's pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus kesiya
Khasi pine, Three-needled pine
Edible: Resin - flavouring
Pinus koraiensis
Korean Nut Pine, Cedar Pine, Chinese pinenut
Edible: Seeds, Cones, Nut
Pinus lambertiana
Sugar Pine, Big Pine, Giant pine
Edible: Seeds, Gum, Sap, Manna
Pinus leiophylla
Smooth-Leaf Pine, Chihuahuan pine
Pinus massoniana
Edible: Flowers
Pinus maximartinezii
Martinez pinon
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus merkusii
Merkus pine
Edible: Stem
Pinus monophylla
One-leaved Pine, Singleleaf pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus montezumae
Montezuma Pine
Pinus monticola
Western Mountain Pine, Mountain white pine
Edible: Seeds, Resin, Bark
Pinus mugo
Dwarf mountain pine
Edible: Leaves - drink, Buds, Young cones, Seeds - oil
Pinus mugo var. pumilio
Mugo pine, Dwarf mountain pine, Swiss mountain pine
Edible: Twigs - oil
Pinus muricata
Bishop’s pine, Rough Pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus murrayana
Pinus nelsonii
Nelson pinyon pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus nigra
Black pine
Edible: Leaves, Shoots
Pinus nigra laricio
Corsican Pine
Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana
Edible: Sap
Pinus oocarpa
Oocarpa pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus palustris
Longleaf pine, Pitch pine, Southern yellow pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Needles - tea, Bark - flour
Pinus parviflora
Japanese white pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus patula
Mexican weeping pine, Patula pine
Edible: Gum - flavouring, Seeds
Pinus pinaster
Maritime Pine
Edible: Oil
Pinus pinceana
Pinceana pine, Weeping pinyon
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus pinea
Roman Pine, Stone Pine
Edible: Seeds, Flavouring, Spice, Shoots - drink
Pinus ponderosa
Ponderosa pine, Yellow pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Sap
Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum
Ponderosa Pine
Edible: Seeds, Bark
Pinus pumila
Dwarf Siberian pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus pungens
Prickle Pine, Table Mountain pine
Pinus quadrifolia
Parry pine, Four-leaved nut pine
Edible: Fruit, Seeds, Nuts
Pinus radiata
Monterey pine
Edible: Catkins, Nuts, Needles - tea, Seeds
Pinus remota
Remote pinyon, Texas pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus resinosa
Red Pine
Pinus rigida
Pitch pine, Rigidasonamu
Edible: Cones, Needles
Pinus roxburghii
Chir Pine, Long-leaved Indian Pine
Edible: Seeds, Manna
Pinus rzedowskii
Edible: Nuts, Seeds
Pinus sabiniana
Digger pine, Gray pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Cones, Leaves - tea
Pinus serotina
Pinus sibirica
Siberian stone pine, Siberian cedar pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus strobiformis
Southwestern white pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus strobus
White Pine, Eastern White Pine
Edible: Seeds, Bark, Leaves - tea, Cones, Shoots
Pinus sylvestris
Scots Pine
Edible: Cones - flavouring, Bark, Leaves - oil, Resin, Sap
Pinus tabuliformis
Chinese Red Pine, Southern Chinese pine
Pinus taeda
Loblolly Pine
Pinus teocote
Twisted Leaf Pine
Pinus thunbergii
Japanese Black Pine
Edible: Inner bark
Pinus torreyana
Soledad Pine, Torrey Pine
Edible: Seeds, Nuts
Pinus veitchii
Edible: Seeds
Pinus virginiana
Scrub pine, Ai song, Virginia pine
Edible: Seeds
Pinus wallichiana
Himalayan blue pine, Bhutan pine, Blue Pine, Himalayan Pine, Qiao song, Kail, Yiro, Kaiar, Lim, Raisalla, Lamshing, Byans, Cheel, Dolchilla, Neet-kung, Tongschi, Lamshing
Edible: Seeds, Nut, Sap, Manna, Stem
Pinus x quadrifolia
Parry pinyon
Edible: Seeds
Pinus yunnanensis
Edible: Seeds, Nuts, Flowers
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca
Edible: Sap
Pseudotsuga mucronata
Tsuga canadensis
Eastern hemlock, Canadian Hemlock
Edible: Leaves - tea, Bark, Leaves - oil
Tsuga caroliniana
Carolina hemlock
Edible: Leaves for tea
Tsuga chinensis - (Franch.)E.Pritz.
Chinese Hemlock
Edible: Inner bark Shoots
Tsuga heterophylla
Western hemlock, Western Hemlock Spruce
Edible: Leaves for tea, Bark
Tsuga mertensiana
Mountain hemlock, Mountain Hemlock Spruce, Black hemlock
Edible: Leaves, Bark